新疆有着166 万平方公里的土地，是中国面积最大的一个省区，古称西域（意为西部疆域）。作为一个多民族聚居的地区，共有 55 个民族成份，其中世居民族有 13 个，每个民族在长期的历史发展过程中，由于所处的自然环境、生产和生活条件、文化环境以及宗教影响的不同，形成了具有特色的民族风俗习惯，主要表现在饮食、服饰、居住、婚姻、生育、丧葬、节庆、娱乐、礼节、生产等社会生活的诸多方面。而这些民族风俗习惯对于司法的影响是与当代中国的经济、政治和社会等一系列制约性制度条件相联系的，也直接影响着法官解决民事纠纷的思路和方法。探索具有新疆本土特色的文化特点、历史渊源和适应基层社会治理的理论和实践，并不是需要树立独有的发展之路，而是从民族风俗习惯角度来思考民族区域自治与中国法律发展相结合，并向前更好地推进。因此，作者确定以民族风俗习惯为研究对象，考察其在民事纠纷解决中的作用及影响力的大小。

在司法实践中，民族风俗习惯混杂于各类纠纷中，刑事案件（重婚案件中的念“尼卡”仪式）的认定标准，民事案件中利用民族风俗习惯开展调解制度，等等，所以作者立足于新疆维吾尔自治区，如何将民族风俗习惯与民族区域自治权很好地结合，在研究框架上主要从三个方面展开:一是民族习惯在新疆的发展演变，风俗习惯就是中国传统社会特殊主义信任的结果，特殊主义在本质上总要超越既定规则的约束，所谓人情大于王法，从而增加了建立秩序的难度，但特殊主义的人际关系有助于增强组织的凝聚力。1而对于新疆与内地不同的宗教信仰习惯，中央集权体制下的民族习惯并没有发展为民族习惯法，而是更多地融合在民事纠纷的解决当中。从主持纠纷调处的主体（伯克制度）到纠纷调处的形式，认可民族习惯的事实基础（念过“尼卡”就视为婚姻缔结），都是与中国社会发展相符合的，并没有完全脱离社会实践而对立于中央集权；二是通过民族风俗习惯在新疆司法实践中的实例研究，确定民族风俗习惯在民族区域自治的语境下发展的必要性、可行性。特别是司法实践中运用民族风俗习惯解决矛盾纠纷的实例，以及民族风俗习惯与世俗社会的融合程度，已经慢慢淡化了原有的宗教背景；三是总结归纳出民族风俗习惯在民族区域自治立法中的价值、在司法实践中的地位，探索 “引俗入法”、“引俗入审”的意义、途径以及发展。

选择民族风俗习惯作为研究对象，作者具有一定的优势，一是语言文字的优势，可以直接找到使用少数民族语言文字的资料，虽然经过翻译的再加工，但是基本保持原意，这样有利于更好地论证自己的观点和主张，也能更加直观地反映司法实践。二是社会调查方法，利用自身优势调取案件数据、判决书，以及制作社会调查问卷，观察新疆立法、司法实践中对于民族风俗习惯的真实现状，分析出其存在的社会背景和发展趋势。

在论文的写作过程中，作者分别写了几个与民族风俗习惯相关的专题，刑事审判法官通过重婚罪的处理分清了成文法与宗教仪式的冲突所在，民事审判法官对于民族风俗习惯的转化应用（将调解作为主要结案方式），行政审判法官对于民法原则的适用（诚实信赖原则），以及立法过程中存在的“跟风”现象，特别是少数民族地区法官的本土化配置问题、乡土社会的法庭建设等问题，最终根据民族习惯在司法实践中的应用，论证出在民族区域自治立法框架下的制定规则，以使民族习惯通过立法的方式保持生命力。强化民族区域自治权的目的是“引俗入法”，主要通过民族区域自治权的行使来使民族风俗习惯进入成文法的路径，因为作为一个地区独有的民族风俗习惯不可能上升到法律法规的层级上，只有充分发挥民族区域自治立法权的作用。另一个途径是“引俗入审”，主要通过人民法院在司法处置过程中，直接将民族风俗习惯纳入审判活动中，特别是裁判方法、调解方式的抓取分析，突出强调指导性案例特别是各高级法院的参考性案件的作用。换言之，就是司法权对于民族风俗习惯的一种认可。

Xinjiang, with a land area of 1.66 million square kilometers, is the largest frontier province and autonomous region in China, which was called the Western Regions (meaning "the western territory") in ancient times. As a multi-national compact community, there are 55 ethnic groups, including 13 long-dwelling ones. Each of them has developed, over a long period of time, their distinctive ethnic customs and traditions, featured by aspects of social life, such as diet, clothing, residence, marriage, childbearing, funeral, festival, entertainment, etiquette, production modes and so on, as a result of the differences established in their long histories by the distinctions in natural environment, production, living conditions, cultural environment and religious influence. The influence of these national customs and traditions on judicature not only relates to a series of restrictive institutions on economy, politics and society in contemporary China, but also directly affects the ideals and methods of justice in resolving civil disputes. In order to explore the cultural characteristics, historical origin and the theory and practice of grass-roots social governance with local characteristics of Xinjiang, it would be better to promote an integration of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities and the development of the Chinese law system from the perspective of ethnic customs and traditions than to establish an independent road of development. Therefore, taking customs of ethnic groups as the research object, the author aims to investigate its role and influence on the settlement of civil disputes.

In judicial practice, customs and traditions of ethnic groups are often entwined with the settlement of a variety of disputes, in particular the identification criteria of criminal cases ("Nikah" ceremony in bigamy cases), the mediation system in civil cases, and the definition and management of customs and traditions of ethnic groups in administrative cases. Under such circumstances, the author attempts to better integrate ethnic customs and traditions with regional national autonomous authority based on the realities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The research framework is constructed from the following three aspects: firstly, the evolution and development of ethnic customary law in Xinjiang, with focus laid on the development of religious courts under a centralized state system; secondly, the study on the necessity and feasibility of the development of ethnic customs within the context of regional ethnic autonomy through case studies on ethnic customs in judicial practices in Xinjiang; thirdly, the exploration of the significance, approaches and development of "introducing customs into law" and "introducing customs into trial" based on a summary of the value of ethnic customs and traditions in the legislation of regional national autonomy and its significance in judicial practice.

The selection of ethnic customs as the research object is not on a whim by the author. Firstly, a convenient access to legal texts and materials written in ethnic minorities’ languages on the part of the author better projects juridical practice and facilitates the demonstration of viewpoints and arguments. Secondly, the social connections of the author make it possible to retrieve case data and court verdict documents, and to prepare for questionnaire. This will lay a solid foundation for the observation and analysis of the social background and trends of ethnic customs and traditions in the legislation and jurisdiction in Xinjiang.

In this thesis, the author deals with several topics related to ethnic customs and tradition，namely，the settlement of the conflict between the statute law and the religious ceremony through the handling of bigamy by criminal trial judge; the transformation and application of ethnic customs by civil trial judges（with mediation as the principal form of settlement）; the application of the principle of civil law by the administrative judge (principles of honesty and trust); the problem of "following the tide (conformity)" in legislation, in particular the localized allocation of judges in ethnic minority areas and the court construction in rural communities, etc. In the final analysis, in accordance with the application of ethnic customs in judicial practice, the author demonstrates the legislation rules within the framework of regional national autonomy, so as to maintain the vitality of ethnic customs and tradition through legislation. The purpose of strengthening regional national autonomy is to "introduce customs into law", realized by the exercise of regional national autonomy to bring national customs into the statute law. Only by giving full play to the role of legislative power of regional national autonomy can it be possible to realize this goal since the unique ethnic customs and tradition are by no means equal to laws and regulation. The other approach is called "introducing customs into trial". In the process of judicial settlement, the people's courts directly incorporate ethnic customs and habits into judicial activities, highlighting the guiding role of typical cases, especially of the reference cases of the higher courts. In other words, this is the recognition of ethnic customs by judicial power.