雙十國慶亦可稱雙十節，源自紀念1911年10月10日發生的武昌起義，象徵建立中華民國這個亞洲第一個民主共和國。在孫中山領導反清革命的過程中，香港是重要策源地與革命基地，因而香港、中華民國與雙十節關係密不可分，雙十成為了香港民眾在英國殖民統治之下，呈現自我中國人認同的重要節日。雙十的意義在不同的時間，具有不同功能性，承載與傳承的文化記憶極為複雜。北京政府時期強調雙十節的共和意義，南京國民政府時期則重視革命意義。到對日抗戰，雙十成為凝聚及團結香港社會各階層民眾的重要日子。 二次世界大戰結束後，中國政局演變至為激烈。1949年後退守到台灣的中華民國政府，為了實現反攻大陸的終極目標，繼續與中華人民共和國政府在香港展開文攻武鬥。

本文受法國歷史學家皮耶·諾哈（Pierre Nora）啟發，將雙十節視為一種「記憶所繫之處」（Les Lieux de mémorie）。中華民國政府周而復始舉辦雙十節紀念活動，並帶動包含香港在內的海外各地常態地舉行，雙十節成為中華民國政府培養人民國家意識的符號，是塑造國族記憶中的不朽之處。本文關注的是1950年代中華民國政府在香港舉辦雙十節活動及一系列文宣手段，如何受到國際冷戰、國共鬥爭，以及美援影響，產生因地制宜的在地適應。香港處在英國殖民統治之下，也是當時美國、英國推行遏制共產中國戰略的前沿區域。兩岸政府透過此地以爭取香港「人心」為目標，從而在文化、情報與媒體方面展開一系列的「文化冷戰」，雙方的文宣攻勢甚至造成了1956年「雙十暴動」。

具體而言，本文探討中華民國政府如何透過雙十節在香港的操辦，塑造自身「正統中國」、「文化中國」及「自由中國」的形象；中華民國政府外交、僑務及國民黨海外黨務工作如何利用雙十節與中共進行鬥爭；以及港英政府對慶祝活動的管制，從而了解事件背後各方勢力的博弈關係，進一步探討兩岸政府在香港這場人心爭奪戰的影響。迄今學界絕少注意到雙十節在香港的情形與意義的變化，故而本文爬梳雙十節在香港的歷史，並考察1950年代冷戰視角下的雙十節，希望能有助推進冷戰史和香港史範疇。

The Double Tenth Day, also known as the Double Tenth Festival, originated from the commemoration of the Wuchang Uprising on October 10, 1911, and symbolized the establishment of the Republic of China, the first democratic republic in Asia. For Sun Yat-sen and his anti-Manchu revolutionary societies, Hong Kong was an important source and revolutionary base. Therefore, Hong Kong, the Republic of China and the Double Tenth Day were closely related. The Double Tenth Day became an important festival for Hong Kong people’s self-identity as a Chinese under the British colonial rule. The meaning of Double Tenth Day has different functions at different times, and the cultural memory it carries and inherits is extremely complex. The Beijing Government highlighted the Republic as the core value, while the Nanjing KMT Government emphasized revolutionary. By the time of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Double Tenth Festival became an important day to unite the people of all sectors of Hong Kong society. After World War II, the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party emerged and eventually led to the Chinese Civil War. The ROC government then retreated to Taiwan after 1949. Aiming to achieve its goal of counter attacking the mainland, the ROC Government continued to use the propaganda of the Double Tenth Festival and to mobilize people and to fight against the government of the People's Republic of China in Hong Kong.

This research was inspired by to the French historian Pierre Nora’s three-volume collection “Les Lieux de mémorie,” and tried to view the Double Tenth Day as les lieux de mémorie. The Government of the Republic of China has repeatedly held commemorative activities for the Double Tenth Day, which has led to the regular holding of overseas festivals, including Hong Kong. The Double Tenth Day has become a symbol of the ROC government to cultivate people's national consciousness and as an immortal site in shaping national memories. This research focuses on how the ROC Government held the Double Tenth Festival in Hong Kong in the 1950s and how its propaganda was influenced by the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, the Cold War, and the U.S. aid, and how it adjusted measures to local conditions. Hong Kong was under British colonial rule, and it was also the frontier area for the United States and the United Kingdom to implement the strategy of containing Communist China at that time. Governments of both sides of the Strait utilized this place to detect each other’s intelligence and influence overseas public opinion, with the goal of winning “the hearts and minds of men in Hong Kong,” thus launching a series of “Cultural Cold War” in terms of culture, intelligence, and media. The propaganda campaign of both sides even led to the “Double Tenth Riot” in 1956, a large-scale social disturbance in Hong Kong.

Precisely, this research discusses how the ROC government uses the Double Tenth Festival in Hong Kong to shape its image of “Legitimate Representatives of China”, “Cultural China” and “Free China,” and how the diplomacy and the overseas Chinese affairs of the ROC government, and KMT’s overseas affairs make use of the Double Tenth Day to fight against the Communist China; and how the British Hong Kong government take control of these activities. So that we could even analyze the relations among various forces behind the events. Furthermore, this research will explore the impact of this battle for “hearts and minds of the men in Hong Kong.” The academic paid little attention to the changes and significance of the Double Tenth Day in Hong Kong so far. Therefore, this research tries to review the history of Double Tenth Day in Hong Kong and examines it from the perspective of the Cold War in the 1950s. The research shows that Hong Kong's unique Cold War experience and may provide a complementary to the scope of Cold War history and Hong Kong history.