產業集群合作創新關係模式對創新行為與績效的影響 — 以上海張江國家自主創新示範區ICT產業集群為例

Abstract

With the acceleration of science and technology progress in recent years and the increasingly fierce competition in science and technology between countries, the production methods of global industries and even people's lifestyles face enormous challenges. Since the 19th NPC, China has become more aware of the stage and path of economic development. Nowadays, it is more urgent to promote the industrial upgrading and innovation, and is of great importance to study the innovation of industrial clusters as one of the important aspects of national competitiveness. Since high-tech industrial clusters represent the main carrier of China's industrial cluster innovation, the improvement of their innovative ability is important to the sustainable development of regional economy and the industrial upgrading. This research focuses on enterprises, which are the micro subjects of clusters. From the perspective of cooperative innovation - a common phenomenon in high-tech industrial clusters - this paper explores the internal mechanism for innovation performance improvement within high-tech industrial clusters. Such a study on cooperative innovation is of great importance to both high-tech industry clusters and enterprises located in them.

This study argues that the key practitioners for improving the performance of cooperative innovation in industrial clusters are the enterprises in them, and the ultimate goal of the establishment of innovative clusters is the realization of cooperative innovation performance by enterprises. The purpose of cooperative innovation can be realized only when the cooperative innovation performance of enterprises is enhanced. Therefore, this study explores the micro-level driving mechanism of cooperative innovation performance. The paper begins with the perspective of the "relational model", which consists of the relationship of cooperative innovation and the value chain governance mode.

Innovation among industrial cluster enterprises is often a cooperative one, especially for enterprises in high-tech industrial clusters. Using theoretical analysis and survey data of 193 enterprises in ICT industrial cluster of Zhangjiang National Innovation Demonstration Zone in Shanghai, this paper finds that the relationship of cooperative innovation among enterprises can affect the cooperative innovation behavior, and ultimately the cooperative innovation performance. This study argues that the cooperative innovation of cluster enterprises is driven by a systematic process. The stronger the relationship of cooperative innovation between cluster enterprises and their most important cooperative innovation partners, the greater is its impact on promoting cooperative innovation performance. This paper focuses on two kinds of typical innovation behaviors: R&D investment and knowledge spillover. Within these two kinds of cooperative innovation behaviors, the relationship of the cooperative innovation can also indirectly increase the knowledge spillover between enterprises through cooperative R & D investment. In these processes, the value chain governance mode that exists between the target enterprise and its most important cooperative innovation partners plays a moderating role. This study classifies the value chain governance mode into two categories: captive and non-captive. The result shows that for the enterprises under the governance mode of the captive value chain, the cooperative innovation behavior and performance will be significantly lower than that of the non-captive type as the relationship of cooperative innovation strengthens. In other words, compared with the enterprises under the non-captive value chain, the strength of the cooperative innovation relationship has less impact on the cooperative innovation performance for those under the captive value chain. Therefore, the innovation cooperation mechanism of high-tech industry clusters is a result of dual embedding of relational and structural factors: Enterprise cooperative innovation is affected not only by the relationship strength, but also by the value chain governance mode.

The results of this study are of great importance both theoretically and practically. Through the combination of theory and evidence, this research offers a pioneering study on the "innovation-driven mechanism” of high-tech industrial clusters. It explores the innovation of high-tech industrial clusters from a systematic perspective by combining the relational embeddedness and the structural embeddedness. Methodologically, this study merges together sociology and industrial economics to examine the endogenous mechanism of cooperative innovation within high-tech industrial clusters. Through careful and detailed analysis from the perspective of the enterprises in high-tech industrial clusters, the current study arrives at results that are theoretically and empirically consistent. In practice, the results of this study also have high practical significance. In order to realize the improvement of cooperative innovation performance, enterprises need not only to enhance the relationship of cooperative innovation between partners, but also to improve the value chain governance mode between the two parties and straighten out cooperative innovation behaviors. At the industrial cluster level, it is particularly important to realize the continuous development of industrial cluster innovation, the overall innovation capability of industrial cluster, and especially the overall enhancement of the cooperative innovation relationship and the value chain governance mode as a whole.

Date of Award	14 Aug 2018
Original language	Chinese (Traditional)
Awarding Institution	City University of Hong Kong
Supervisor	Yong WANG (Supervisor) & Mingjie Rui (External Supervisor)