圖繪城市：太平天國之後南京地圖中的城市形象重建

Abstract

The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom brought great damage to Nanjing. After the war, residents in Nanjing commemorated this chaos in various ways and carried out urban reconstruction. During this period, many Nanjing maps were made. These city maps, created by different people for different purposes, formed an imaginary space on paper. Through the map makers' interpretation of space by words and images, these maps highlighted the historical, literary, and other connotations of urban space that inherited the historical memory and reshaped the image of the city after the war.

This thesis investigates four sets of maps – namely maps in a local gazetteer published by the government, maps in records written by a local literatus, maps made by a commercial publishing, and maps made by foreigners sojourning in China. The map makers interpreted Nanjing on these maps. This thesis analyzes the ideal city image that map makers hoped to convey through these maps and words.

In the first case, this thesis studies the maps attached in the local gazetteer Tongzhi Shangjiang Liangxianzhi （同治上江兩縣志）. By exploring the reconstruction of urban space and the selective presentation of landscapes on the map, this thesis explores how the government reconstructed Nanjing's image with the help of the maps in 1874. The second case studies the description of urban space by Chen Zuolin （陳作霖）, a local literatus in Nanjing, including three chronicles and the maps at the beginning of them. This thesis investigates how he chose the areas and landscapes to include or exclude on the maps, as well as in the writings, to create his ideal city and to highlight his local identity. The third case focuses on the Nanjing Jianming Ditu （南京簡明地圖） published during the Nanyang Industrial Exposition in 1910. This map was made by the Commercial Press. The mapmakers chose the sites and interpreted the city space to project the city's future image. The fourth case discusses two maps of Nanjing drawn by foreigners, the Plan de Nankin map drawn by Louis Gaillard from France and the Nanjing map in The Journey of South China （南清紀行） written by Yoshiro Sato of Japan. These two maps presented different urban images of Nanjing and reflected the subjective intention of the makers behind the maps.

This thesis illustrates through these four groups of maps how the government, the local literatus, the modern commercial publishing, and the foreigners in China used maps as tools, together with words, to present their ideal Nanjing. The transformation from the emphasis on urban history in the Tongzhi Shangjiang Liangxianzhi in 1874 to the attention to the emerging urban space in the Nanjing Jianming Ditu in 1910 shows how people's imagination of Nanjing changed from the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom to the Republic of China. These deliberately retro but also extremely modern images later formed the capital image of Nanjing together in the period of the Republic of China. This paper regards the map as a text and explores the cultural significance of this special historical material in the process of presenting urban space.

Date of Award	12 Jan 2022
Original language	Chinese (Traditional)
Awarding Institution	City University of Hong Kong
Supervisor	Hsiao-ti LI (Supervisor) & Wun Sze Sylvia LEE (Supervisor)