國民黨統治時期中國的商會與政府的關係

: 天津的個案研究, 1928-1937

Abstract

The studies of the history of Chambers of Commerce after 1928 upheld the totalitarian model. According to the model, a strict control of the Kuomintang Government decreased the original status, function and effect of the Chambers sharply. Therefore, it is worthless to discuss this issue among the academic circles during the said period. In the thesis, I clarify the detailed interaction between the Chambers and the Government in one of the major cities in China, in order to refute the totalitarian model, to construct a new framework, and to fill in the gaps in the fields. The conceptual framework of this study is institutional cooperation and state-building under a historical condition. I conclude that the relationship between the Chambers and the Government was a kind of system arrangement similar to “state corporatism under a functionless state”. It aims to decrease some related organizational and institutional costs. Such arrangement had a structure of state corporatism. But, the state only kept the limited right to interfere the internal operation of social groups when necessary or in emergency. Or, let the social groups make limited functions of the nature of the state corporatism. Under the drive of nationalism and modernization, the Kuomintang Government had to face a heavy responsibility to build a nation state. But it not only neglected the necessity of private capital and the national industrial development, but also failed in developing local infrastructure, and the reform and the management of state economic affairs. To cope with these requirements, the Chambers and the Government revised its original arrangements. To fulfill various institutional cooperation innovations, the Chambers and the Government made induced and compulsory institutional changes, pushed the relevant projects in various fields, and got achievements in some degree. But, under the state capitalism policy, there existed limitations, to a great extent, in the institutional cooperation innovation. The local military leaders could not promote institutional cooperation innovation completely. Meanwhile, economic and military invasion from Japan was too violent. Hence, the success for the maximization of benefit to nation-state building was partial and limited. I specify the Chambers of Commerce of modern China as a special interest group under the state domination and control and then deny that a civil society had ever appeared in modern China.

Date of Award	15 Jul 2004
Original language	Chinese (Traditional)
Awarding Institution	City University of Hong Kong
Supervisor	Kwan Kwok LEUNG (Supervisor)