員工心理資本、成就動機與工作績效的關係研究

Abstract

As a resource of investors to create new value, Capital which can enhance enterprise competitive advantage is of great necessary. However, increasingly crowded economic capital makes companies to find new capital. Since then, people began to pay close attention to Personal value which once had been neglected, and put forward concepts of human capital, social capital. According to positive psychology, researchers introduce positive mental attitude to organization management, and search what happen beyond human and social capital. This could lead to emergence of psychological capital. Psychological capital is a collection of positive core psychological factors. It is not merely the human and social capital, because it makes individuals gain a competitive advantage and promote organization performances by targeted investment and development.

Real estate is a highly integrated and associated industry. As a fundamental vector of social production and life, as well as a power unit of regional economic development, real estate industry not only directly improves the residential environment and people's living standards, but also affects a country's industrialization and urbanization. However, the risk of macro-environment, global competition, and knowledge-based economy is threatening the real estate enterprises' development, which has brought negative emotions to salesperson in real estate . They frequently resign and this could cause higher liquidity, lower professional identity and burnout.

In view of this, the object of this dissertation is realtors. By compiling psychological capital and achievement motivation questionnaires which hold more specific to real estate, this study focuses on sorting out their psychological capital elements which contribute to high performance and the effect of achievement motivation in the process. This study will not only help managers comprehensively understand and correctly guide realtors' positive psychological capacities, but also contribute to cultivate their more positive mental attitude.

In this paper, by literature analysis, we assemble five dimensions of positive psychology - "self-efficacy", "ability of thinking", "ability of adjusting emotion", "responsibility" and "integrity" and three elements of achievement motivation - "enterprise", "tenacity"and "excellence". With this theory, we establish and hand out the questionnaires, and then analyze the result of questionnaires by using a description of reliability and validity tests, statistical analysis, correlation analysis, mediation analysis and so on. Following conclusions are drawn from above analysis: 1) the PsyCap questionnaire which includes five dimensions of positive psychology for realtors has good consistency reliability, discriminant validity and construct validity. 2) With acceptable reliability and satisfactory validity, the questionnaire of achievement motivation which contains three elements: "enterprise", "tenacity"and "excellence". 3) The psychological capital and achievement motivation of realtors are above the average. The psychological capital varies significantly in different ages, gender, marital status, employment levels and lengths of working time, but the achievement motivation only varies in different gender for different realtors. 4) Moderate positive correlation is significantly shown between the psychological capital and job performance. The most relevant are "ability of thinking" and job performance. Meanwhile psychological capital has a significant negative moderate impact on turnover intention and a weak correlation with five dimensions, which accord with the hypothesis of H1. 5) There was a moderate positive correlation between achievement motivation and job performance. The most and low relevant are "tenacity" and "enterprise" respectively. Both achievement motivation and three elements to turnover intention are weak negative correlation, the H2 assumption is verified. 6) There is a positive correlation between the psychological capital and achievement motivation. The most relevant are "tenacity" and the psychological capital in each dimension. Meanwhile, "responsibility" and achievement motivation has the highest correlation. The analysis results have validated the hypothesis (H3). 7) The psychological capital could make indirect effects on job performance and turnover intention, and achievement motivation plays completely mediating role between the psychological capital, job performance and turnover intention which can prove the hypothesis (H4).

Date of Award	16 Aug 2017
Original language	Chinese (Traditional)
Awarding Institution	City University of Hong Kong
Supervisor	Zhilin YANG (Supervisor) & Lihua Huang (External Supervisor)