Upconversion photon quantification of holmium and erbium ions in waveguide-adaptive germanate glasses

Visible upconversion photons have been quantified precisely in Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped waveguide-adaptive aluminum germanate (NMAG) glasses, and effective red and green upconversion emissions generated from Ho³⁺ and Er³⁺ were illustrated in contrast. The emission photon numbers are identified as a positive correlation with the laser power densities, and stronger dominance of red emission in the Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped NMAG glasses and more effectiveness of photon generation in Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped case were proved. When the power density is 1227 W/cm², the absolute quantum yields for red and green (660 and 548 nm) upconversion fluorescences are derived to be 2.41 × 10⁻⁵ and 0.17 × 10⁻⁵ in Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped NMAG glasses, and the ones (665 and 548 nm) in Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped NMAG glasses are 4.26 × 10⁻⁵ and 1.44 × 10⁻⁵. The macroscopic quantization of red and green upconversion emissions in Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ doped waveguide-adaptive NMAG glasses provides the original referenced data for developing upconversion waveguide-typed irradiation light sources.