行为遗传学 : 行为公共管理研究的新视角与新路径

行为遗传学是遗传学与行为研究的最新交叉领域。行为遗传学并非倡导基因决定论，而是主张在正视先天因素影响的基础上，探寻社会环境如何与基因交互作用，继而影响个体行为的发展。如何将行为遗传学与行为公共管理研究相结合，是一个亟待探索和研究的重大命题。论文认为：行为遗传学提供了至少三种研究公共管理行为的新视角，包括行政行为是否具有遗传性、基因如何影响行政行为的发展、社会环境如何与基因交互从而对行政行为产生影响。从方法上看，三种典型的行为遗传学方法包括双生子法、基因评分法与门德尔随机化法。它们为现有行为公共管理的研究提供了方法论上的重要补充。总的来看，在现有行为公共管理研究中引入行为遗传学的视角和方法，能够有力促进及丰富基于公共管理行为的微观机制探讨，进一步推动学科自身的科学化发展及与其他前沿学科间的交叉融合。

Behavioral genetics serves as the latest cross-disciplinary field between genetic science and behavioral research. Behavior genetics does not advocate for genetic determinism. Premised on the candid acknowledgement of the influence of natural factors, it discusses how the social environment interacts with genes to shape the development of individual behavior. How to make the most of behavioral genetics in the domain of behavioral public administration (PA) is a central question. This paper argues that behavioral genetics provides at least three novel perspectives for studying administrative behaviors, including 1) whether administrative behaviors are heritable, 2) how genes affect the development of certain administrative behaviors of interest, and 3) the mechanisms whereby the organizational environment interacts with genes to influence administrative behaviors. In addition, three typical behavioral genetics methods, including the twin design, genetic scores, and the Mendelian randomization method, can become add-on tools for furthering the existing behavioral public administration research. In a nutshell, incorporating the perspectives and methods of behavioral genetics into the existing behavioral public administration studies can help to reveal the micro-level underpinnings of administrative behaviors and attitudes, thus consolidating the cross integration and scientific development of the PA discipline.