超强高塑性合金在基础设施、航空航天、国防军工等领域中有广泛的应用需求，然而，金属的塑性通常随着强度的增加而降低，即：强度-塑性相互掣肘。本文从纳米结构多主元合金的强塑化研究存在的挑战出发，综述了剧烈塑性变形、物理气相沉积、机械合金化等纳米结构制备方法对多主元合金力学性能的影响。阐述了相关合金的跨尺度变形机制及塑性变形起源，并对未来纳米结构多主元合金的研发及机制分析进行了展望。

Enhancing the strength of metallic materials has long been a primary goal for material scientists due to their significant potential for various industrial applications. However, the methods employed to increase the strength of metals often result in reduced deformation ability, leading to what is commonly termed as the strength-deformability trade-off dilemma. This paper offers a review of the advancements made in nanostructured multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) and discusses the challenges associated with simultaneously improving strength and deformability. This review summarizes the various common methods used to fabricate nanostructured MPEAs, including severe plastic deformation, physical vapor deposition, and mechanical alloying. In addition, this paper reviews the strengthening and deformation mechanisms intrinsic to these alloys. Finally, a brief outlook on potential future research directions for nanostructured MPEAs is provided.