有机太阳电池具有质量轻、柔性、印刷制备等优点, 有巨大的应用潜力, 从其诞生那一刻起便引起了学术界和工业界的广泛研究兴趣. 历经25年的发展, 有机太阳电池效率已突破18%, 其快速进步得益于不断涌现的高性能新材料和器件制备技术, 以及对电池活性层形貌、分子堆积和器件机理的深入理解. 基于有机共轭结构的电子给体和电子受体材料是决定有机太阳电池性能的关键材料. 本文将以给、受体材料的发展历程为主线, 聚焦那些明星材料和里程碑工作, 阐述高性能关键材料的分子结构演变和进化过程, 最后展望其面临的挑战和未来发展方向.

Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 18% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells. The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials, device fabrication technologies, and the deep understanding on film morphology, molecular packing and device physics. Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance. The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors. In this review, we focus on those star materials and milestone work, and introduce the molecular structure evolution of the key materials. These key materials include homopolymer donors, D-A copolymer donors, A-D-A small molecule donors, fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors. At last, we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.