科技社团通过提供科技类公共服务,满足科技工作者需求,提高创新系统效能并服务于国家战略目标。本文采用基于模糊集的定性比较分析(fsQCA)方法,探索使科技社团提供更多、更好科技类公共服务所需的要素及其构型。以中国科协所属全国学会为实证对象,通过对244份有效问卷的分析,分别识别出提供高数量或高质量服务的核心与边缘要素,在此基础上形成5类主要构型,并进一步提炼出"资源驱动"与"领导驱动"两类实现途径。研究发现,组织的资源与领导对良好的公共服务供给具有可替代性。其中,资金状况、内部人才队伍和政府支持是服务数量的核心要素,专家资源和社团领导的价值认知则对服务质量有决定性影响。对构型中各中性排列的分析,为科技社团找准与其目标相匹配的发力点、有效提升在创新系统中的表现提供了理论支撑。

Participating in public service delivery is the way for Chinese science associations to serve the interest of S&T workers and meet the requirement of national strategy. A fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) is used in this study to explore the achievement mechanisms of their high-quantity and high-quality participation in public provision respectively. National science associations under the leadership of China Association for Science and Technology are used as the sample in empirical process. Based on 244 valid questionnaires, causal core and periphery are found out, and five configurations are empirically investigated. Then, configurations are divided into ‘resource-driving’ and ‘leadership-driving’, and an alternative between them is clear. It finds that financial condition, full-time staff and government support are the core elements of high-quantity services, while expert resources and leaders’ cognition leads to high-quality services. Furthermore, neutral permutations in each configuration also indicates that Chinese science associations need to find out the valuable elements relevant to their mission and goal, when seeking to achieve a successful public provision.