Unraveling the effect of salt chemistry on long-durability high-phosphorus-concentration anode for potassium ion batteries

Wenchao Zhang; Zhibin Wu; Jian Zhang; Guoping Liu; Nai-Hsuan Yang; Ru-Shi Liu; Wei Kong Pang; Wenwu Li; Zaiping Guo

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.058

Unraveling the effect of salt chemistry on long-durability high-phosphorus-concentration anode for potassium ion batteries

Wenchao Zhang, Zhibin Wu, Jian Zhang, Guoping Liu, Nai-Hsuan Yang, Ru-Shi Liu, Wei Kong Pang^*, Wenwu Li, Zaiping Guo

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

168 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Phosphorus-based anode materials are of considerable interest for grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity of P, large volume changes during cycling, and highly-reactive phosphide surface are hindering their potential applications. Herein, outstanding long-term cycling stability with high retained potassium storage capacity (213.7 mA h g⁻¹ over 2000 cycles) was achieved via the introduction of an alternative potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt and by using a layered compound (GeP₅) with a high phosphorus concentration as anode material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping results suggest that KFSI salt helps to form an uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and reduces the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus enhancing the cycling performance. In-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the synergistic reaction mechanisms of the K-P and K-Ge reactions. These findings indicate the enormous potential of phosphorus-based anodes for high-performance potassium ion batteries and can attract broad interest for regulating the SEI layer formation through manipulating the salt chemistry. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	967-974
Journal	Nano Energy
Volume	53
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.058
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2018
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>.

Funding

Financial support provided by the Australian Research Council (ARC) (FT150100109, FT160100251, DP170102406, LE180100141), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21701030), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2017A030310241), and the Innovative Talents Cultivation Project of Outstanding Youth in Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2016KQNCX038) is gratefully acknowledged. W. K. Pang is grateful to the financial support from the University of Wollongong through the UIC International Links Grant Scheme 2018. W.C. Zhang would like to thank the University of Wollongong for financial support.

Research Keywords

Long-durability
Phosphorus-based anode
Potassium ion batteries
Salt chemistry
Synergistic reaction

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title = "Unraveling the effect of salt chemistry on long-durability high-phosphorus-concentration anode for potassium ion batteries",

abstract = "Phosphorus-based anode materials are of considerable interest for grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity of P, large volume changes during cycling, and highly-reactive phosphide surface are hindering their potential applications. Herein, outstanding long-term cycling stability with high retained potassium storage capacity (213.7 mA h g−1 over 2000 cycles) was achieved via the introduction of an alternative potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt and by using a layered compound (GeP5) with a high phosphorus concentration as anode material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping results suggest that KFSI salt helps to form an uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and reduces the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus enhancing the cycling performance. In-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the synergistic reaction mechanisms of the K-P and K-Ge reactions. These findings indicate the enormous potential of phosphorus-based anodes for high-performance potassium ion batteries and can attract broad interest for regulating the SEI layer formation through manipulating the salt chemistry. {\textcopyright} 2018 Elsevier Ltd",

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AU - Zhang, Wenchao

AU - Wu, Zhibin

AU - Zhang, Jian

AU - Liu, Guoping

AU - Yang, Nai-Hsuan

AU - Liu, Ru-Shi

AU - Pang, Wei Kong

AU - Li, Wenwu

AU - Guo, Zaiping

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N2 - Phosphorus-based anode materials are of considerable interest for grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity of P, large volume changes during cycling, and highly-reactive phosphide surface are hindering their potential applications. Herein, outstanding long-term cycling stability with high retained potassium storage capacity (213.7 mA h g−1 over 2000 cycles) was achieved via the introduction of an alternative potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt and by using a layered compound (GeP5) with a high phosphorus concentration as anode material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping results suggest that KFSI salt helps to form an uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and reduces the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus enhancing the cycling performance. In-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the synergistic reaction mechanisms of the K-P and K-Ge reactions. These findings indicate the enormous potential of phosphorus-based anodes for high-performance potassium ion batteries and can attract broad interest for regulating the SEI layer formation through manipulating the salt chemistry. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

AB - Phosphorus-based anode materials are of considerable interest for grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the low electrical conductivity of P, large volume changes during cycling, and highly-reactive phosphide surface are hindering their potential applications. Herein, outstanding long-term cycling stability with high retained potassium storage capacity (213.7 mA h g−1 over 2000 cycles) was achieved via the introduction of an alternative potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt and by using a layered compound (GeP5) with a high phosphorus concentration as anode material. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic mapping results suggest that KFSI salt helps to form an uniform solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and reduces the side reactions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, thus enhancing the cycling performance. In-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed the synergistic reaction mechanisms of the K-P and K-Ge reactions. These findings indicate the enormous potential of phosphorus-based anodes for high-performance potassium ion batteries and can attract broad interest for regulating the SEI layer formation through manipulating the salt chemistry. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd

KW - Long-durability

KW - Phosphorus-based anode

KW - Potassium ion batteries

KW - Salt chemistry

KW - Synergistic reaction

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JO - Nano Energy

JF - Nano Energy

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Unraveling the effect of salt chemistry on long-durability high-phosphorus-concentration anode for potassium ion batteries

Abstract

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