Unlocking the Ambient Temperature Effect on FA-Based Perovskites Crystallization by In Situ Optical Method

Yunfan Wang; Zixin Zeng; Yuxuan Zhang; Zhuoqiong Zhang; Leyu Bi; Aoxi He; Yuanhang Cheng; Alex K.-Y. Jen; Johnny C. Ho; Sai-Wing Tsang

doi:10.1002/adma.202307635

Unlocking the Ambient Temperature Effect on FA-Based Perovskites Crystallization by In Situ Optical Method

Yunfan Wang, Zixin Zeng, Yuxuan Zhang, Zhuoqiong Zhang, Leyu Bi, Aoxi He, Yuanhang Cheng, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Johnny C. Ho, Sai-Wing Tsang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

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Abstract

Multiple cation-composited perovskites are demonstrated as a promising approach to improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, recipes developed for fabricating high-performance perovskites in laboratories are always not transferable in large-scale production, as perovskite crystallization is highly sensitive to processing conditions. Here, using an in situ optical method, the ambient temperature effect on the crystallization process in multiple cation-composited perovskites is investigated. It is found that the typical solvent-coordinated intermediate phase in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI₃) is absent in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI₃), and nucleation is almost completed in FAPbI₃ right after spin-coating. Interestingly, it is found that there is noticeable nuclei aggregation in Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites even during the spin-coating process, which is usually only observed during the annealing in MAPbI₃. Such aggregation is further promoted at a higher ambient temperature or in higher FA content. Instead of the general belief of stress release-induced crack formation, it is proposed that the origin of the cracks in FA-based perovskites is due to the aggregation-induced solute depletion effect. This work reveals the limiting factors for achieving high-quality FA-based perovskite films and helps to unlock the existing narrow processing window for future large-scale production. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Original language	English
Article number	2307635
Journal	Advanced Materials
Volume	36
Issue number	17
Online published	15 Sept 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202307635
Publication status	Published - 25 Apr 2024

Funding

We acknowledge the General Research Fund (CityU 11304420 and 11317420) from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong SAR, China. SWT acknowledges the helpful discussions with Prof. CH SHEK on the crystallization process studied in this work.

Research Keywords

crystallization
in situ optical method
multiple cation-composited perovskites
nucleation

Publisher's Copyright Statement

COPYRIGHT TERMS OF DEPOSITED POSTPRINT FILE: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wang, Y., Zeng, Z., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, Z., Bi, L., He, A., Cheng, Y., Jen, A. K.-Y., Ho, J. C., & Tsang, S-W. (2023). Unlocking the Ambient Temperature Effect on FA-Based Perovskites Crystallization by In Situ Optical Method. Advanced Materials, 31(17), Article 2307635, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202307635.
This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

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abstract = "Multiple cation-composited perovskites are demonstrated as a promising approach to improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, recipes developed for fabricating high-performance perovskites in laboratories are always not transferable in large-scale production, as perovskite crystallization is highly sensitive to processing conditions. Here, using an in situ optical method, the ambient temperature effect on the crystallization process in multiple cation-composited perovskites is investigated. It is found that the typical solvent-coordinated intermediate phase in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is absent in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), and nucleation is almost completed in FAPbI3 right after spin-coating. Interestingly, it is found that there is noticeable nuclei aggregation in Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites even during the spin-coating process, which is usually only observed during the annealing in MAPbI3. Such aggregation is further promoted at a higher ambient temperature or in higher FA content. Instead of the general belief of stress release-induced crack formation, it is proposed that the origin of the cracks in FA-based perovskites is due to the aggregation-induced solute depletion effect. This work reveals the limiting factors for achieving high-quality FA-based perovskite films and helps to unlock the existing narrow processing window for future large-scale production. {\textcopyright} 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

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AU - Wang, Yunfan

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AU - Zhang, Yuxuan

AU - Zhang, Zhuoqiong

AU - Bi, Leyu

AU - He, Aoxi

AU - Cheng, Yuanhang

AU - Jen, Alex K.-Y.

AU - Ho, Johnny C.

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N2 - Multiple cation-composited perovskites are demonstrated as a promising approach to improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, recipes developed for fabricating high-performance perovskites in laboratories are always not transferable in large-scale production, as perovskite crystallization is highly sensitive to processing conditions. Here, using an in situ optical method, the ambient temperature effect on the crystallization process in multiple cation-composited perovskites is investigated. It is found that the typical solvent-coordinated intermediate phase in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is absent in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), and nucleation is almost completed in FAPbI3 right after spin-coating. Interestingly, it is found that there is noticeable nuclei aggregation in Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites even during the spin-coating process, which is usually only observed during the annealing in MAPbI3. Such aggregation is further promoted at a higher ambient temperature or in higher FA content. Instead of the general belief of stress release-induced crack formation, it is proposed that the origin of the cracks in FA-based perovskites is due to the aggregation-induced solute depletion effect. This work reveals the limiting factors for achieving high-quality FA-based perovskite films and helps to unlock the existing narrow processing window for future large-scale production. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

AB - Multiple cation-composited perovskites are demonstrated as a promising approach to improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, recipes developed for fabricating high-performance perovskites in laboratories are always not transferable in large-scale production, as perovskite crystallization is highly sensitive to processing conditions. Here, using an in situ optical method, the ambient temperature effect on the crystallization process in multiple cation-composited perovskites is investigated. It is found that the typical solvent-coordinated intermediate phase in methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) is absent in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), and nucleation is almost completed in FAPbI3 right after spin-coating. Interestingly, it is found that there is noticeable nuclei aggregation in Formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites even during the spin-coating process, which is usually only observed during the annealing in MAPbI3. Such aggregation is further promoted at a higher ambient temperature or in higher FA content. Instead of the general belief of stress release-induced crack formation, it is proposed that the origin of the cracks in FA-based perovskites is due to the aggregation-induced solute depletion effect. This work reveals the limiting factors for achieving high-quality FA-based perovskite films and helps to unlock the existing narrow processing window for future large-scale production. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

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Unlocking the Ambient Temperature Effect on FA-Based Perovskites Crystallization by In Situ Optical Method

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GRF: Development of In-situ Photoluminescence Spectroscopy to Investigate the Ion Coordination in Solution-Derived Perovskites

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Unlocking the Ambient Temperature Effect on FA-Based Perovskites Crystallization by In Situ Optical Method

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

Publisher's Copyright Statement

RGC Funding Information

UN SDGs

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Other Access Options

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GRF: Development of In-situ Photoluminescence Spectroscopy to Investigate the Ion Coordination in Solution-Derived Perovskites

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