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Tunable Water-Based Meta-Lens

Jin Yao, Mu Ku Chen, Rong Lin, Din Ping Tsai*, Kwai-Man Luk*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and ReviewsRGC 21 - Publication in refereed journalpeer-review

141 Downloads (CityUHK Scholars)

Abstract

Water, the source of life, is a more abundant, low-cost, and environment-friendly candidate material for tunable meta-devices compared to conventional approaches in the microwave region. Wavefront shaping can be flexibly manipulated by adjusting the shapes and temperature of water-based meta-atoms, but individual control of each meta-atom is complicated and inconvenient, especially for continuous tunability. Here, we propose a design strategy based on the phase compensation mechanism to continuously tune the properties of water-based meta-lenses at 5 GHz. Integrated-resonant units (IRUs) with coupled water pillars are carefully designed to effectively tailor the balance between polarization conversion efficiency and phase compensation. By changing the filling height of water in the designed meta-lens from 10 to 60 mm, the focal length can be tuned from 228 to 424 mm. The off-axis focusing of the meta-lens is also demonstrated in which the deflection angle is adjustable from around 0° to 5°. This work will pave the way for designing tunable water-based meta-devices and facilitating their applications in microwave imaging systems. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
Original languageEnglish
Article number2300130
JournalAdvanced Optical Materials
Volume12
Issue number6
Online published27 Mar 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Feb 2024

Funding

This work is supported by the University Grants Committee / Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. AoE/P-502/20, CRF Project: C5031-22GF, CRF 8730064, and GRF Project: 15303521 and 11310522), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Grant (No. SGDX2019081623281169), the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2020B1515120073), and City University of Hong Kong (Project No. 9380131, SRG-Fd 7005867).

Research Keywords

  • integrated-resonant units
  • phase compensation
  • tunable meta-lenses
  • water-based metasurfaces

Publisher's Copyright Statement

  • COPYRIGHT TERMS OF DEPOSITED POSTPRINT FILE: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Yao, J., Chen, M. K., Lin, R., Tsai, D. P., & Luk, K-M. (2023). Tunable Water-Based Meta-Lens. Advanced Optical Materials, [2300130], which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202300130. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.

RGC Funding Information

  • RGC-funded

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