Timetable Synchronization Optimization for Metro Networks with Consideration of Station Centrality

In a metro network, the majority of passengers generally need to transfer from one line to another at least once in order to reach their destinations. A well-synchronized metro network timetable can shorten the commute time and improve the transfer experience, especially during non-peak hours and near the end of daily service. A mixed-integer optimization method is proposed to reduce the transfer waiting time and increase the number of connections. Specifically, arrival and departure times at transfer stations are synchronized with priority in accordance with the stations' node centrality. A case study on the Hong Kong metro network shows that the proposed method can generate well-synchronized timetables that support a higher overall transfer passenger volume and offer commuters generally shorter waiting times.