Abstract
Real-time in-situ neutron diffraction data reveal for the first time that the Li(Co0.16Mn1.84)O4 cathode undergoes current-free discharge. We find that current-free discharge occurs in a partially charged Li(Co0.16Mn1.84)O4 cathode during its first charge cycle over a period of 11 h resulting in a 44(2)% expansion of the crystal lattice. The rate of change in the lattice parameter during the current-free discharge process is half the rate and more linear than for an applied-current discharge of -0.5 mA. The origins of current-free discharge are discussed along with the implications of nonequilibrium relaxation processes in in-situ neutron and X-ray diffraction studies. We show that the lattice does not return to the predischarge values after either current-applied or current-free discharge, indicating a limited ability for Li reinsertion (capacity loss) in partially charged Li(Co0.16Mn1.84) O4 batteries. © 2011 American Chemical Society.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 21473-21480 |
| Journal | Journal of Physical Chemistry C |
| Volume | 115 |
| Issue number | 43 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 3 Nov 2011 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
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Part of this project was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) through an ARC Discovery project (DP0878611) and Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore (Grant No. WBS-R-284-000-076-112).