The evolution and future of metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices

As a revolutionary semiconductor, metal halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices have enabled competitive device performance compared with that of commercialized rivals, including solar cells (SCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors (PDs). Despite the high performance of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices, there remain several crucial barriers on their way toward large-scale deployment. In this perspective, we critically review and discuss the development roadmap of perovskite-based devices by summarizing the past milestone findings and strategies, and ongoing research of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), LEDs (PeLEDs), and PDs (PePDs) in three main areas. In the end, we present the challenges in perovskite-based devices for various optoelectronic and photonic applications and offer our perspectives on future opportunities and research directions. We hope this comprehensive perspective on PeSC, PeLEDs, and PePDs can inspire researchers with more focused ideas to speed up the transition from laboratory-scale devices to industrial-scale products.