TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis of anhydrous manganese hypophosphite microtubes for simultaneous flame retardant and mechanical enhancement on poly(lactic acid)
AU - Yang, Wei
AU - Yang, Wen-Jie
AU - Tawiah, Benjamin
AU - Zhang, Yang
AU - Wang, Li-Li
AU - Zhu, San-E
AU - Chen, Timothy Bo Yuan
AU - Yuen, Anthony Chun Yin
AU - Yu, Bin
AU - Liu, Yun-Feng
AU - Si, Jing-Yu
AU - Hu, En-Zhu
AU - Lu, Hong-Dian
AU - Hu, Kun-Hong
AU - Chan, Qing Nian
AU - Yeoh, Guan Heng
PY - 2018/8/18
Y1 - 2018/8/18
N2 - In this study, a facile solvothermal approach for preparing anhydrous manganese hypophosphite (A-MnHP) microtubes was demonstrated for the first time by using manganese chloride and hypophosphorous acid in mixed solvents, followed by fabricating A-MnHP-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites via a melt-blending method. Owing to the unique morphology of A-MnHP, the tensile strengths of the PLA composites with 1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt% A-MnHP are approximately 17%, 7% and 3% higher than those of neat PLA, respectively. Compared to neat PLA, PLA composite containing 15 wt% A-MnHP (PLA/A-MnHP15) exhibited lower peak heat release rate (50% reduction), total heat release (13% reduction), peak CO2 and CO productions (50% and 53% reductions), which also passed UL 94 V-2 rating test with high limiting oxygen index (27.5%). The combustion temperature change during the cone calorimeter tests showed that PLA/A-MnHP15 showed the lowest combustion temperature, achieving the best fire safety performance. Residue analysis indicated that the presence of A-MnHP resulted in the formation of continuous and compact char residues composed of aromatic structure and phosphorous-rich inorganic structure, retarding the permeation of heat, oxygen transfer and escape of volatile degradation products.© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
AB - In this study, a facile solvothermal approach for preparing anhydrous manganese hypophosphite (A-MnHP) microtubes was demonstrated for the first time by using manganese chloride and hypophosphorous acid in mixed solvents, followed by fabricating A-MnHP-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites via a melt-blending method. Owing to the unique morphology of A-MnHP, the tensile strengths of the PLA composites with 1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt% A-MnHP are approximately 17%, 7% and 3% higher than those of neat PLA, respectively. Compared to neat PLA, PLA composite containing 15 wt% A-MnHP (PLA/A-MnHP15) exhibited lower peak heat release rate (50% reduction), total heat release (13% reduction), peak CO2 and CO productions (50% and 53% reductions), which also passed UL 94 V-2 rating test with high limiting oxygen index (27.5%). The combustion temperature change during the cone calorimeter tests showed that PLA/A-MnHP15 showed the lowest combustion temperature, achieving the best fire safety performance. Residue analysis indicated that the presence of A-MnHP resulted in the formation of continuous and compact char residues composed of aromatic structure and phosphorous-rich inorganic structure, retarding the permeation of heat, oxygen transfer and escape of volatile degradation products.© 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
KW - Flame retardant properties
KW - Manganese hypophosphite
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Poly(lactic acid)
KW - Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
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U2 - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.023
DO - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.023
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 0266-3538
VL - 164
SP - 44
EP - 50
JO - Composites Science and Technology
JF - Composites Science and Technology
ER -