Sustainable glucose-based phenolic resin and its curing with a DGEBA epoxy resin

Yongsheng Zhang; Fatemeh Ferdosian; Zhongshun Yuan; Chunbao Charles Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.025

Sustainable glucose-based phenolic resin and its curing with a DGEBA epoxy resin

Yongsheng Zhang, Fatemeh Ferdosian, Zhongshun Yuan^*, Chunbao Charles Xu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

31 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A sustainable novolac-type resin – phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin was prepared by reacting phenol with HMF, in-situ derived from glucose, at 120 °C by acid catalysis. Bisphenol A type epoxy resin, i.e. bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), was used as a formaldehyde-free curing agent by substituting conventional formaldehyde-based hexamethylene tetraamine (HMTA) to crosslink the PHMF resin. Curing mechanism was probed and the curing proceeded likely with the ring opening reaction between the DGEBA and reactive hydroxyl groups. DGEBA not only made this system truly formaldehyde-free but also helped form a void-free matrix which is an important merit for composites. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were evaluated with model-free and model-fitting methods using exothermal peak data from the curing process. The thermo-mechanical characterization of the cured resin and fiber reinforced bio-composites showed good heat resistance and mechanical performance, suggesting its potential for producing void- and formaldehyde-free composite materials. © 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	381-387
Journal	Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
Volume	71
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2016.11.025
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2017
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publication details (e.g. title, author(s), publication statuses and dates) are captured on an “AS IS” and “AS AVAILABLE” basis at the time of record harvesting from the data source. Suggestions for further amendments or supplementary information can be sent to [email protected].

Research Keywords

Curing kinetics
DGEBA epoxy resin
Phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural resin
Properties
Renewable polymer
Thermal stability

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title = "Sustainable glucose-based phenolic resin and its curing with a DGEBA epoxy resin",

abstract = "A sustainable novolac-type resin – phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin was prepared by reacting phenol with HMF, in-situ derived from glucose, at 120 °C by acid catalysis. Bisphenol A type epoxy resin, i.e. bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), was used as a formaldehyde-free curing agent by substituting conventional formaldehyde-based hexamethylene tetraamine (HMTA) to crosslink the PHMF resin. Curing mechanism was probed and the curing proceeded likely with the ring opening reaction between the DGEBA and reactive hydroxyl groups. DGEBA not only made this system truly formaldehyde-free but also helped form a void-free matrix which is an important merit for composites. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were evaluated with model-free and model-fitting methods using exothermal peak data from the curing process. The thermo-mechanical characterization of the cured resin and fiber reinforced bio-composites showed good heat resistance and mechanical performance, suggesting its potential for producing void- and formaldehyde-free composite materials. {\textcopyright} 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers",

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AU - Ferdosian, Fatemeh

AU - Yuan, Zhongshun

AU - Xu, Chunbao Charles

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N2 - A sustainable novolac-type resin – phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin was prepared by reacting phenol with HMF, in-situ derived from glucose, at 120 °C by acid catalysis. Bisphenol A type epoxy resin, i.e. bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), was used as a formaldehyde-free curing agent by substituting conventional formaldehyde-based hexamethylene tetraamine (HMTA) to crosslink the PHMF resin. Curing mechanism was probed and the curing proceeded likely with the ring opening reaction between the DGEBA and reactive hydroxyl groups. DGEBA not only made this system truly formaldehyde-free but also helped form a void-free matrix which is an important merit for composites. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were evaluated with model-free and model-fitting methods using exothermal peak data from the curing process. The thermo-mechanical characterization of the cured resin and fiber reinforced bio-composites showed good heat resistance and mechanical performance, suggesting its potential for producing void- and formaldehyde-free composite materials. © 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

AB - A sustainable novolac-type resin – phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural (PHMF) resin was prepared by reacting phenol with HMF, in-situ derived from glucose, at 120 °C by acid catalysis. Bisphenol A type epoxy resin, i.e. bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA), was used as a formaldehyde-free curing agent by substituting conventional formaldehyde-based hexamethylene tetraamine (HMTA) to crosslink the PHMF resin. Curing mechanism was probed and the curing proceeded likely with the ring opening reaction between the DGEBA and reactive hydroxyl groups. DGEBA not only made this system truly formaldehyde-free but also helped form a void-free matrix which is an important merit for composites. The kinetic parameters of the curing reaction were evaluated with model-free and model-fitting methods using exothermal peak data from the curing process. The thermo-mechanical characterization of the cured resin and fiber reinforced bio-composites showed good heat resistance and mechanical performance, suggesting its potential for producing void- and formaldehyde-free composite materials. © 2016 Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

KW - Curing kinetics

KW - DGEBA epoxy resin

KW - Phenol–hydroxymethylfurfural resin

KW - Properties

KW - Renewable polymer

KW - Thermal stability

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JO - Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

JF - Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

ER -

Sustainable glucose-based phenolic resin and its curing with a DGEBA epoxy resin

Abstract

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Research Keywords

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