Study of structure morphology and layer thickness of Ti₃C₂ MXene with Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)

MXene is a class of 2D materials exfoliated from ternary carbide and nitride ceramics. During synthesis, etching and delamination conditions affect the quality, overall crystallinity, defects and surface functionalization of MXene flakes. In this article, the morphological structure of MXene (Ti₃C₂) nanosheets under temperature between 20 °C and 60 °C were investigated with the application of Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) combined with several complementary techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The SANS analysis enabled structural information to be obtained about the Ti₃C₂ nanosheets, which consists of layers of transition metal carbides in a multilayer lamella morphology. The results showed that a single Ti₃C₂ layer is approximately 11.4 – 11.8 Å (1.14 – 1.18 nm) in thickness with a 20.3 – 21.5 Å (2.03 – 2.15 nm) interstacking layer gaps. This results in a total thickness of approximately 32 Å (3.2 nm), which was consistent with the model-dependent lamella model analysis. Furthermore, the thickness of the Ti₃C₂ layer increased by approximately ~2 Å (0.2 nm) when the temperature increased from 20 - 40 to 50 - 60 °C. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.