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Spatiotemporal variations of retinoic acids and their metabolites in the marine environment of Hong Kong

Katie Wan Yee Yeung, Kevin King Yan Ho, Guang-Jie Zhou*, Yuefei Ruan, Paul Kwan Sing Lam, Kenneth Mei Yee Leung*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and ReviewsRGC 21 - Publication in refereed journalpeer-review

Abstract

Excessive intake of retinoic acids (RAs) and the oxidative metabolites, 4-oxo-RAs, can lead to abnormal morphological development in animals. This study investigated spatiotemporal variations of concentrations and compositions of these compounds in Hong Kong's seawater and during algal blooms. Total concentrations of the studied compounds in seawater were up to 0.790 and 0.427 ng/L in dry and wet seasons, respectively, though no significant seasonal variation was observed. Spatially, the Deep Bay Water Control Zone was the most enriched area with the studied compounds owing to its semi-enclosed nature and influence from the Pearl River discharge. During algal blooms, the studied compounds were detected up to 4.74 ng/L. Based on calculated risk quotients, the ecological risk of the studied compounds to Hong Kong's marine ecosystems was low. Nevertheless, the occurrence and distribution of these chemicals in the marine environment should be closely monitored where algal blooms frequently occur.
Original languageEnglish
Article number113878
JournalMarine Pollution Bulletin
Volume181
Online published29 Jun 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Aug 2022

Funding

This research was supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government via the General Research Fund (Project No.: 17126517), and the Theme-based Research Scheme (Project No.: T21-711/16-R) to KMYL. GJ Zhou and Y Ruan were supported by the State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (City University of Hong Kong) which received regular research funding from Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not reflect the views of the Hong Kong SAR Government or the ITC. The authors thank the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department of the HKSAR Government for assistance in collection of algal bloom samples. The authors are also thankful to all student helpers who contributed to seawater samplings.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. SDG 14 - Life Below Water
    SDG 14 Life Below Water

Research Keywords

  • Algal bloom
  • Ecological risk
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Retinoid
  • Seawater

RGC Funding Information

  • RGC-funded

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