TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatiotemporal Trend of PFAS in Estuarine Sediments
T2 - Insights into Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonate Transformation
AU - Wang, Qi
AU - Ruan, Yuefei
AU - Shao, Yetong
AU - Jin, Linjie
AU - Xie, Naiyu
AU - Yang, Xiaoqiang
AU - Hong, Yuanyuan
AU - Wang, He
AU - Tsujimoto, Akira
AU - Yasuhara, Moriaki
AU - Leung, Kenneth Mei Yee
AU - Lam, Paul K. S.
PY - 2025/4/15
Y1 - 2025/4/15
N2 - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic long-lasting chemicals. Marine sediment is a major repository for PFAS in the environment; accordingly, this work investigated 45 legacy and emerging PFAS in samples of surface sediments and sediment cores (1940s-2020s) collected in the Pearl River outlets, its estuary, and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS), one of the global pollution hotspots. The range of total PFAS concentrations in surface sediments from the river outlets and the NSCS was 244-14400 pg/g dry weight (dw) and 31.6-363 pg/g dw, respectively. In sediment cores, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) concentrations initially increased and then declined around ten years ago. Levels of long-chain perfluorinated carboxylates have been increasing since the 1980s and experienced an accelerated rise in the 2000s. Hydrogen-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (H-PFESA) was widely found in sediment samples for the first time. The ratios of 6:2 H-PFESA to 6:2 chlorinated (Cl-) PFESA in sediment cores exceeded those in surface sediment and exhibited an increasing trend with the sediment age, implying the gradual transformation of 6:2 Cl-PFESA to its hydrogen-substituted analog in sediments. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that ∑6:2 PFESAs and PFOS posed medium to high risks over recent decades. © 2025 American Chemical Society.
AB - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic long-lasting chemicals. Marine sediment is a major repository for PFAS in the environment; accordingly, this work investigated 45 legacy and emerging PFAS in samples of surface sediments and sediment cores (1940s-2020s) collected in the Pearl River outlets, its estuary, and the adjacent northern South China Sea (NSCS), one of the global pollution hotspots. The range of total PFAS concentrations in surface sediments from the river outlets and the NSCS was 244-14400 pg/g dry weight (dw) and 31.6-363 pg/g dw, respectively. In sediment cores, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) concentrations initially increased and then declined around ten years ago. Levels of long-chain perfluorinated carboxylates have been increasing since the 1980s and experienced an accelerated rise in the 2000s. Hydrogen-substituted polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (H-PFESA) was widely found in sediment samples for the first time. The ratios of 6:2 H-PFESA to 6:2 chlorinated (Cl-) PFESA in sediment cores exceeded those in surface sediment and exhibited an increasing trend with the sediment age, implying the gradual transformation of 6:2 Cl-PFESA to its hydrogen-substituted analog in sediments. A preliminary risk assessment indicated that ∑6:2 PFESAs and PFOS posed medium to high risks over recent decades. © 2025 American Chemical Society.
KW - Cl-PFESA
KW - F-53B
KW - H-PFESA
KW - PFECHS
KW - sediment core
KW - temporal trend
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105002678379&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105002678379&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.5c02731
DO - 10.1021/acs.est.5c02731
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 59
SP - 7377
EP - 7388
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 14
ER -
