Simple fabrication of perovskite solar cells using lead acetate as lead source at low temperature

We reported a simple one-step, low-temperature solution-processed technique to fabricate perovskite solar cells using lead acetate as the lead source. Solvent annealing was applied for grain growth to obtain better morphology. Uniform perovskite films without pinholes can be obtained by solvent annealing for 5 min at 100 °C. Planar perovskite solar cells based on the high quality perovskite films deliver power conversion efficiency up to 12.71% with negligible hysteresis and good reproducibility. In addition, the substrate surfaces have little effect on the crystallization of perovskite when lead acetate was used, leading to uniform films on different substrates, which can provide a wide choice of substrates and interfacial materials.