Sequential Fusion Estimation for Renewable Energy Microgrids Under Hybrid Attacks: Handling Filter-and-Forward Relays

This artcle investigates the fusion estimation problem for renewable energy microgrids subject to relay transmissions and cyber-attacks. A filter-and-forward (FaF) relay strategy is adopted to ensure the reliable transmission of power signals from distributed sensors to the remote estimator. This strategy jointly accounts for both sensor-relay and relay-estimator channels when determining signal transmission, and relays with embedded filtering capabilities are considered essential for extracting relay signals from corrupted measurements. In addition, four stochastic sequences governed by Bernoulli distributions are employed to characterize denial-of-service and false data injection attacks, which occur randomly throughout the communication process. The principal objective is to improve estimation accuracy by constructing an estimation scheme capable of operating under the presence of FaF relays and hybrid attacks. Specifically, the proposed scheme consists of two main components: first, the design of a recursive filtering algorithm at each FaF relay for generating the relay signal, and second, the development of a sequential fusion estimation algorithm to enable accurate state estimation. Sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the mean-square boundedness of both the filtering error and the estimation error. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation methodology is demonstrated through simulation experiments conducted on renewable energy microgrids in a wireless multisensor system. © 2025 IEEE.