Self-Toughened 2D Moiré Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance

Xiaoyin Gao; Weiyu Sun; Guotong Wang; Liming Zheng; Xin Gao; Jiahao Wang; Yani Wang; Shiwei Wang; Wenqing Zhu; Kaicheng Jia; Zhongfan Liu; Xiaoding Wei; Hailin Peng

doi:10.1002/adma.202502792

Self-Toughened 2D Moiré Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance

Xiaoyin Gao (Co-first Author)
, Weiyu Sun (Co-first Author)
, Guotong Wang (Co-first Author)
, Liming Zheng (Co-first Author)
, Xin Gao
, Jiahao Wang
, Yani Wang
, Shiwei Wang
, Wenqing Zhu
, Kaicheng Jia
, Zhongfan Liu
, Xiaoding Wei^*
, Hailin Peng^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Excellent mechanical strength and toughness are demanded for two-dimensional material (2DM) membranes in various applications to withstand extreme strain and temperature changes and resist crack propagation. However, the trade-off between strength and toughness poses significant challenges in meeting these requirements. This study presents a self-toughened 2D moiré superlattice membrane composed of vertically stacked hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr) that exhibits high mechanical strength. The intrinsic toughness originates from the high energy release rate associated with the crack deflection and bifurcation in hBN. Remarkably, this robust membrane endures 200 cycles of thermal shock up to 1800 K with 10⁴ K s⁻¹ heating rate, during which high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are successfully synthesized. The findings pave the way for the design and fabrication of robust 2D superlattices, facilitating future exploration under extreme conditions. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Original language	English
Article number	e02792
Number of pages	11
Journal	Advanced Materials
Volume	37
Issue number	41
Online published	8 Aug 2025
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202502792
Publication status	Published - 16 Oct 2025

Funding

X.G., W.S., G.W. and L.Z. contributed equally to this work. The authors thank Dr. H.L., X.Z. and R.C. for offering help for the fabrication of hBN/Gr superlattice. The authors thank Dr. Q.X. and Prof. Y.Z. for the generous help for characterization of hBN/Gr superlattice. The authors acknowledge Electron Microscopy Laboratory (EML) of Peking University for the use of instruments. The authors acknowledge Molecular Materials and Nanofabrication Laboratory (MMNL) in the College of Chemistry at Peking University for the use of instruments.

Research Keywords

2D moiré superlattice
fracture toughness
graphene
hexagonal boron nitride
high entropy alloy nanoparticles
mechanical strength
thermal shock

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title = "Self-Toughened 2D Moir{\'e} Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance",

abstract = "Excellent mechanical strength and toughness are demanded for two-dimensional material (2DM) membranes in various applications to withstand extreme strain and temperature changes and resist crack propagation. However, the trade-off between strength and toughness poses significant challenges in meeting these requirements. This study presents a self-toughened 2D moir{\'e} superlattice membrane composed of vertically stacked hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr) that exhibits high mechanical strength. The intrinsic toughness originates from the high energy release rate associated with the crack deflection and bifurcation in hBN. Remarkably, this robust membrane endures 200 cycles of thermal shock up to 1800 K with 104 K s−1 heating rate, during which high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are successfully synthesized. The findings pave the way for the design and fabrication of robust 2D superlattices, facilitating future exploration under extreme conditions. {\textcopyright} 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

keywords = "2D moir{\'e} superlattice, fracture toughness, graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, high entropy alloy nanoparticles, mechanical strength, thermal shock",

author = "Xiaoyin Gao and Weiyu Sun and Guotong Wang and Liming Zheng and Xin Gao and Jiahao Wang and Yani Wang and Shiwei Wang and Wenqing Zhu and Kaicheng Jia and Zhongfan Liu and Xiaoding Wei and Hailin Peng",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

day = "16",

doi = "10.1002/adma.202502792",

language = "English",

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T1 - Self-Toughened 2D Moiré Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance

AU - Gao, Xiaoyin

AU - Sun, Weiyu

AU - Wang, Guotong

AU - Zheng, Liming

AU - Gao, Xin

AU - Wang, Jiahao

AU - Wang, Yani

AU - Wang, Shiwei

AU - Zhu, Wenqing

AU - Jia, Kaicheng

AU - Liu, Zhongfan

AU - Wei, Xiaoding

AU - Peng, Hailin

PY - 2025/10/16

Y1 - 2025/10/16

N2 - Excellent mechanical strength and toughness are demanded for two-dimensional material (2DM) membranes in various applications to withstand extreme strain and temperature changes and resist crack propagation. However, the trade-off between strength and toughness poses significant challenges in meeting these requirements. This study presents a self-toughened 2D moiré superlattice membrane composed of vertically stacked hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr) that exhibits high mechanical strength. The intrinsic toughness originates from the high energy release rate associated with the crack deflection and bifurcation in hBN. Remarkably, this robust membrane endures 200 cycles of thermal shock up to 1800 K with 104 K s−1 heating rate, during which high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are successfully synthesized. The findings pave the way for the design and fabrication of robust 2D superlattices, facilitating future exploration under extreme conditions. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

AB - Excellent mechanical strength and toughness are demanded for two-dimensional material (2DM) membranes in various applications to withstand extreme strain and temperature changes and resist crack propagation. However, the trade-off between strength and toughness poses significant challenges in meeting these requirements. This study presents a self-toughened 2D moiré superlattice membrane composed of vertically stacked hexagonal boron nitride and graphene (hBN/Gr) that exhibits high mechanical strength. The intrinsic toughness originates from the high energy release rate associated with the crack deflection and bifurcation in hBN. Remarkably, this robust membrane endures 200 cycles of thermal shock up to 1800 K with 104 K s−1 heating rate, during which high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) are successfully synthesized. The findings pave the way for the design and fabrication of robust 2D superlattices, facilitating future exploration under extreme conditions. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

KW - 2D moiré superlattice

KW - fracture toughness

KW - graphene

KW - hexagonal boron nitride

KW - high entropy alloy nanoparticles

KW - mechanical strength

KW - thermal shock

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105012733549&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1002/adma.202502792

DO - 10.1002/adma.202502792

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

C2 - 40776832

SN - 0935-9648

VL - 37

JO - Advanced Materials

JF - Advanced Materials

IS - 41

M1 - e02792

ER -

Self-Toughened 2D Moiré Superlattice Membranes with Extreme Thermal Shock Tolerance

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