Self-template fabrication of multi-scaled ZnFe₂O₄ microspheres and their excellent lithium-ion storage properties

Self-template multi-scaled structure of ZnFe₂O₄ (ZFO) microspheres were synthesized through a solvothermal method, subsequently accompanied by various annealing processes. Specifically, hollow microspheres ZFO samples with modifiable internal structures (ranging from solid, core-in-hollow wall and double wall hollow) were synthesized differently through a mutual cooperation of inward-outward ripening mechanism by an anisotropic heating process during the calcination process. As active anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), that as-synthesized ZFO electrodes exhibited outstanding electrochemical properties and cyclic stabilities. Importantly, density functionally theoretical calculations have been investigated so as to understand the intermediate structures and electrochemical mechanisms of as-synthesized electrodes in the initial discharge process.