Securities Regulation and Implicit Penalties

The extant literature offers extensive support for the significant role played by institutions in financial markets, but implicit regulation and monitoring have yet to be examined. This studyfills this void in the literature by employing unique Chinese datasets to explore the implicit regulation and penalties imposed by the Chinese government in regulating the initial publicoffering (IPO) market. Of particular interest are the economic consequences of underwriting IPO deals for client firms that violate regulatory rules in Chinaˇs capital market. We provideevidence to show that the associated underwritersˇ reputations are impaired and their market share declines. We further explore whether such negative consequences result from amarket disciplinary mechanism or a penalty imposed by the government. To analyze the possibility of a market disciplinary mechanism at work,weinvestigate (1) the market reaction toother client firms whose IPO deals were underwritten by underwriters associated with a violation at the time the violation was publicly disclosed and (2) the under-pricing of IPO dealsundertaken by these underwriters after such disclosure. To analyze whether the government imposes an implicit penalty, we examine the application processing time for future IPO dealsunderwritten by the associated underwriters and find it to be significantly longer than for IPO deals underwritten by other underwriters. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest that themarket penalizes underwriters for the rule-violating behavior of their client firms in China. Instead, the Chinese government implicitly penalizes them by imposing more stringent criteriaon and lengthening the processing time of the IPO deals they subsequently underwrite.