Scattering by curvatures, radiationless sources, transmission eigenfunctions, and inverse scattering problems

We consider several intriguingly connected topics in the theory of wave propagation: geometrical characterizations of radiationless sources, nonradiating incident waves, interior transmission eigenfunctions, and their applications to inverse scattering. Our major novel discovery is a localization and geometrization property. We first show that a scatterer, which might be an active source or an inhomogeneous index of refraction, cannot be completely invisible if its support is small compared to the wavelength and scattering intensity. Next, we localize and geometrize the "smallness" results to the case where there is a high-curvature point on the boundary of the scatterer's support. We derive explicit bounds between the intensity of an invisible scatterer and its diameter or its curvature at the aforementioned point. These results can be used to characterize radiationless sources or nonradiating waves near high-curvature points. As significant applications we derive new intrinsic geometric properties of interior transmission eigenfunctions near high-curvature points. This is of independent interest in spectral theory. We further establish unique determination results for the single-wave Schiffer's problem in certain scenarios of practical interest, such as collections of well-separated small scatterers. These are the first results for Schiffer's problem with generic smooth scatterers.