Scalable synthesis of ultrastable lead halide perovskite-zeolite composites via a chemical vapor method in air

A novel chemical vapor method is developed to synthesize ultrastable lead halide perovskite-zeolite (ZSM-5) composites, in which CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are grown in situ in the nanopores of the ZSM-5 substrate. The key chemical reaction between PbBr₂ vapor and the Si–O network in ZSM-5 leads to collapse of the initial zeolite crystal structure, realizing effective confinement and encapsulation of CsPbBr₃ QDs and boosting their stability under harsh conditions, including heat, water, polar solvents, and ultraviolet (UV) light. At the same time, the acquired encapsulation structure possesses the channels needed for halogen exchange to regulate the halide ratios of the CsPbX₃-ZSM-5 composites. The synthesized CsPbX₃-ZSM-5 composites exhibit tunable emission from 400 to 700 nm and narrow full-widths at half-maximum (FWHM). To demonstrate the commercial potential, CsPbX₃-ZSM-5 composites synthesized on a large scale are applied in white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and multicolor-coded anti-counterfeiting inks.