TY - JOUR
T1 - Region-wide comprehensive implementation of roguing infected trees, tree replacement, and insecticide applications successfully controls citrus huanglongbing
AU - Yuan, Xiaoyong
AU - Chen, Cixiang
AU - Bassanezi, Renato Beozzo
AU - Wu, Feng
AU - Feng, Zheng
AU - Shi, Damin
AU - Li, Jinyun
AU - Du, Yimin
AU - Zhong, Ling
AU - Zhong, Balian
AU - Lu, Zhanjun
AU - Song, Xiang
AU - Hu, Yan
AU - Ouyang, Zhigang
AU - Liu, Xinjun
AU - Xie, Jinzhao
AU - Rao, Xi
AU - Wang, Xi
AU - Wu, Dapeng Oliver
AU - Guan, Zhengfei
AU - Wang, Nian
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease worldwide. A three-pronged approach to controlling HLB has been suggested, namely, removal of HLB-symptomatic trees, psyllid control, and replacement with HLB-free trees. However, such a strategy did not lead to successful HLB control in many citrus-producing regions, such as Florida. We hypothesize that this is because of the small-scale or incomprehensive implementation of the program; conversely, a comprehensive implementation of such a strategy at the regional level can successfully control HLB. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the effects of region-wide comprehensive implementation of this scheme to control HLB in Gannan region, China, with a total planted citrus acreage of over 110,000 ha from 2013 to 2019. With the region-wide implementation of comprehensive HLB management, the overall HLB incidence in Gannan decreased from 19.71% in 2014 to 3.86% in 2019. A partial implementation of such a program (without a comprehensive inoculum removal) at the regional level in Brazil resulted in HLB incidence increasing from 1.89% in 2010 to 19.02% in 2019. Using dynamic regression model analyses with data from both Brazil and China, we constructed a model to predict HLB incidence when all three components were applied at 100%. It was predicated that in a region-wide comprehensive implementation of such a program, HLB incidence would be controlled to a level of less than 1%. We conducted economic feasibility analyses and showed that average net profits were positive for groves that implemented the comprehensive strategy, but groves that did not implement it had negative net profits over a 10-year period. Overall, the key for the three-pronged program to successfully control HLB is the large scale (region-wide) and comprehensiveness in implementation. This study provides valuable information to control HLB and other economically important endemic diseases worldwide.
AB - Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease worldwide. A three-pronged approach to controlling HLB has been suggested, namely, removal of HLB-symptomatic trees, psyllid control, and replacement with HLB-free trees. However, such a strategy did not lead to successful HLB control in many citrus-producing regions, such as Florida. We hypothesize that this is because of the small-scale or incomprehensive implementation of the program; conversely, a comprehensive implementation of such a strategy at the regional level can successfully control HLB. To test our hypothesis, we investigated the effects of region-wide comprehensive implementation of this scheme to control HLB in Gannan region, China, with a total planted citrus acreage of over 110,000 ha from 2013 to 2019. With the region-wide implementation of comprehensive HLB management, the overall HLB incidence in Gannan decreased from 19.71% in 2014 to 3.86% in 2019. A partial implementation of such a program (without a comprehensive inoculum removal) at the regional level in Brazil resulted in HLB incidence increasing from 1.89% in 2010 to 19.02% in 2019. Using dynamic regression model analyses with data from both Brazil and China, we constructed a model to predict HLB incidence when all three components were applied at 100%. It was predicated that in a region-wide comprehensive implementation of such a program, HLB incidence would be controlled to a level of less than 1%. We conducted economic feasibility analyses and showed that average net profits were positive for groves that implemented the comprehensive strategy, but groves that did not implement it had negative net profits over a 10-year period. Overall, the key for the three-pronged program to successfully control HLB is the large scale (region-wide) and comprehensiveness in implementation. This study provides valuable information to control HLB and other economically important endemic diseases worldwide.
KW - Asian citrus psyllid
KW - Bacterial pathogens
KW - Citrus
KW - Diaphorina citri
KW - Disease control and pest management
KW - Economic analysis
KW - Greening
KW - Huanglongbing
KW - Pesticide
KW - Three-pronged
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85119520785&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119520785&origin=recordpage
U2 - 10.1094/PHYTO-09-20-0436-R
DO - 10.1094/PHYTO-09-20-0436-R
M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal
C2 - 33356429
SN - 0031-949X
VL - 111
SP - 1361
EP - 1368
JO - Phytopathology
JF - Phytopathology
IS - 8
ER -
