TY - CHAP
T1 - Reform and transformation in the twenty-first century
AU - Xue, Charlie Q. L.
AU - Ding, Guanghui
N1 - Full text of this publication does not contain sufficient affiliation information. With consent from the author(s) concerned, the Research Unit(s) information for this record is based on the existing academic department affiliation of the author(s).
PY - 2018/8/2
Y1 - 2018/8/2
N2 - Establishing a socialist market economy in the early 1990s considerably accelerated the pace of China’s reform and opening-up process from its post-Tiananmen doldrums. It fundamentally changed Chinese society, giving rise to a wide range of transformations in the social, political, economic, cultural, and ideological spheres. While the state-owned industrial sector was struggling to transform state-owned enterprises into “modern corporations,” design institutes, as part of these state-owned enterprises, were also experiencing external stress and internal reform. In the late 1990s, private design firms were permitted by the authorities and foreign design consultants opened their offices in mainland China; design institutes now faced fierce competition in attracting talented professionals, who desired more freedom to create and more personal income.
AB - Establishing a socialist market economy in the early 1990s considerably accelerated the pace of China’s reform and opening-up process from its post-Tiananmen doldrums. It fundamentally changed Chinese society, giving rise to a wide range of transformations in the social, political, economic, cultural, and ideological spheres. While the state-owned industrial sector was struggling to transform state-owned enterprises into “modern corporations,” design institutes, as part of these state-owned enterprises, were also experiencing external stress and internal reform. In the late 1990s, private design firms were permitted by the authorities and foreign design consultants opened their offices in mainland China; design institutes now faced fierce competition in attracting talented professionals, who desired more freedom to create and more personal income.
M3 - Chapter in research book/monograph/textbook (Author)
SN - 9781138562332
T3 - Routledge Research in Architecture
SP - 85
EP - 112
BT - A History of Design Institutes in China
PB - Routledge
ER -