Recent advances and prospects of metal–organic framework-derived transition metal sulfide nanostructures of various dimensionalities for supercapacitor applications

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been widely employed in energy storage applications due to their high theoretical capacity, improved electrical conductivity, and superior mechanical durability compared to analogous metal oxides. However, the use of TMSs in supercapacitors (SCs) presents several challenges, including limited potential ranges, reduced efficiency at high discharge rates, and concerns regarding long-term durability, issues not present when utilizing porous carbon materials. Several methods, such as component regulation, chemical structure adjustment, interface optimization, and TMSs composites engineering, offer potential avenues for enhancing SCs performance. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered intriguing candidates for creating diverse TMS nanostructures due to their large surface area, substantial porosity, adjustable functional groups, and versatile chemical composition. Leveraging MOFs enables the customization of various TMS nanostructures, ranging from simple zero-dimensional (0D) structures to complex three-dimensional (3D) structures. These innovative nanostructures significantly improve the structural strength, increase active site exposure, and facilitate mass/electron transport. This offers several opportunities for enhancing the electrochemical properties of TMSs, including their capacity and stability. This review addresses the latest advancements in the rational design of MOFs-derived TMSs, varying in dimensionalities from 0D to 3D nanostructures for SC applications. Furthermore, it discusses potential challenges and prospects regarding the implementation of MOFs-derived TMSs in sustainable electrochemical energy storage, laying the groundwork for the research and innovation of advanced electrode materials with different dimensions. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd