Rate equations analysis of optically injected lasers for tunable microwave

Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers optical injection can exhibit intensity oscillations at microwave frequencies. Based on the rate equation , the system under periodic oscillation is analytically . By considering two dominant co-existing frequency components, analytical expressions that the injection strength and the injection detuning frequency the microwave frequency, optical power, and microwave are yielded. The analytical results are in agreement with the simulation results of the wellestablished equations. The analysis shows that, when linewidth enhancement factor is much larger than unity, oscillation can be explained as the result of beating of optical injection frequency and the red-shifted cavity frequency. The red-shift is due to the reduction the average charge carrier density and the corresponding effect. The results are useful for applying the to photonic microwave generation. : Nonlinear laser dynamics, microwave photonics, lasers, optical injection, rate equations analysis.