Quantum statistical theory for an exciton-polariton condensate: Fluctuations and coherence

Zhedong Zhang; Shixuan Zhao; Dangyuan Lei

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.106.L220306

Quantum statistical theory for an exciton-polariton condensate: Fluctuations and coherence

Zhedong Zhang^*, Shixuan Zhao, Dangyuan Lei

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

5 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton-polariton condensate, for a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find an analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the nonlinearity causing fast relaxation correlated with the pump so as to yield the quantum condensation above threshold. Increasing the pump intensity, a nonequilibrium phase transition towards the condensation of the lower polaritons emerges, with a statistics transiting from a thermal, through a super-Poissonian, and towards a nonclassical distribution; the latter two possess off-diagonal long-range order but the last one is beyond. The results signify the role of dark states for polariton fluctuations, and lead to a nonclassical counting statistics of emitted photons, which elaborates the role of the key parameters, e.g., pump, detuning, and temperature.

Original language	English
Article number	L220306
Journal	Physical Review B: covering condensed matter and materials physics
Volume	106
Issue number	22
Online published	21 Dec 2022
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.L220306
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

Funding

We thank Zhe-Yu Jeff Ou and Wei Bao from City University of Hong Kong for their instructive discussions. Z.D.Z. and S.Z. gratefully acknowledge the support of Early Career Scheme from Hong Kong Research Grants Council (No. 21302721) and National Science Foundation of China (No. 12104380). D.L. gratefully acknowledges the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong through the ANR/RGC JRS Grant (A-CityU101/20).

Research Keywords

PHOTON STATISTICS
MOLECULES
DYNAMICS

Publisher's Copyright Statement

COPYRIGHT TERMS OF DEPOSITED FINAL PUBLISHED VERSION FILE: Zhang, Z., Zhao, S., & Lei, D. (2022). Quantum statistical theory for an exciton-polariton condensate: Fluctuations and coherence. Physical Review B: covering condensed matter and materials physics, 106(22), [L220306]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.106.L220306. The copyright of this article is owned by American Physical Society.

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abstract = "A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton-polariton condensate, for a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find an analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the nonlinearity causing fast relaxation correlated with the pump so as to yield the quantum condensation above threshold. Increasing the pump intensity, a nonequilibrium phase transition towards the condensation of the lower polaritons emerges, with a statistics transiting from a thermal, through a super-Poissonian, and towards a nonclassical distribution; the latter two possess off-diagonal long-range order but the last one is beyond. The results signify the role of dark states for polariton fluctuations, and lead to a nonclassical counting statistics of emitted photons, which elaborates the role of the key parameters, e.g., pump, detuning, and temperature.",

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N2 - A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton-polariton condensate, for a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find an analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the nonlinearity causing fast relaxation correlated with the pump so as to yield the quantum condensation above threshold. Increasing the pump intensity, a nonequilibrium phase transition towards the condensation of the lower polaritons emerges, with a statistics transiting from a thermal, through a super-Poissonian, and towards a nonclassical distribution; the latter two possess off-diagonal long-range order but the last one is beyond. The results signify the role of dark states for polariton fluctuations, and lead to a nonclassical counting statistics of emitted photons, which elaborates the role of the key parameters, e.g., pump, detuning, and temperature.

AB - A full quantum theory beyond the mean-field regime is developed for an exciton-polariton condensate, for a complete understanding of quantum fluctuations. We find an analytical solution for the polariton density matrix, showing the nonlinearity causing fast relaxation correlated with the pump so as to yield the quantum condensation above threshold. Increasing the pump intensity, a nonequilibrium phase transition towards the condensation of the lower polaritons emerges, with a statistics transiting from a thermal, through a super-Poissonian, and towards a nonclassical distribution; the latter two possess off-diagonal long-range order but the last one is beyond. The results signify the role of dark states for polariton fluctuations, and lead to a nonclassical counting statistics of emitted photons, which elaborates the role of the key parameters, e.g., pump, detuning, and temperature.

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Quantum statistical theory for an exciton-polariton condensate: Fluctuations and coherence

Abstract

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Research Keywords

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ECS: Theory of Novel Quantum Nonlinear Spectroscopy for Molecular Relaxation and Radiative Processes in Nanoscale

ANR: Quantum Tunnelling Enhanced Optical Harmonic Generation in Single Plasmonic Junctions

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Quantum statistical theory for an exciton-polariton condensate: Fluctuations and coherence

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

Publisher's Copyright Statement

RGC Funding Information

Access Output

Other Access Options

Permanent Link

Other Files and Links

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Projects

ECS: Theory of Novel Quantum Nonlinear Spectroscopy for Molecular Relaxation and Radiative Processes in Nanoscale

ANR: Quantum Tunnelling Enhanced Optical Harmonic Generation in Single Plasmonic Junctions

Cite this