A review on metakaolin-based porous geopolymers

Converting mineral raw materials into porous materials represents an effective and high-value approach. Among these materials, porous geopolymers made from metakaolin (whether natural or synthetic) have garnered significant attention. This review comprehensively explores the methods for introducing pore structures, porous properties, and applications of metakaolin-based porous geopolymers (MPGs). Additionally, it discusses the future development prospects of this field. By summarizing and analyzing research progress, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current status of metakaolin-based porous geopolymers research. It highlights innovative foaming routes to achieve desired porous structures, enhance specific properties, and expand or tailor applications. Ultimately, this study aims to stimulate further research and application of bulk-type or shaped porous geopolymers using metakaolin as a raw material, particularly in the field of water purification and pollutant removal. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.