反应堆保护系统的性能水平对核电厂安全、经济、可靠运行有很大影响。而实践中如何正确评价反应堆保护系统的可靠性指标，业界并未形成一致方法。本文选取简化的典型反应堆保护系统为研究对象，主要讨论拒动概率故障树分析和误动率马尔科夫方法的适用性，分析拒动概率、误动率两个指标分别适用的评价方法，并对示例系统的可靠性指标进行定量计算。本研究对进一步澄清国内反应堆保护系统可靠性评价中的方法问题，具有重要的参考价值。

The performance level of reactor protection system is of a great effect on nuclear power plant safety, economy and reliable operation. However, the industry has not formed a consistent methodology on how to correctly evaluate the reliability index of the reactor protection system in practice. In this paper, the applicabilities of fault tree analysis on the probability of failure on demand and Markov method on the malfunction rate were mainly discussed based on a simplified typical reactor protection system. The evaluation methods applicable respectively for the following two indicators, namely the probability of failure on demand and the malfunction rate of the typical system were estimated, and the reliability indicators of the sample system were quantitatively calculated. This research has clarified methodologically problem in the analysis on the reliability evaluations of reactor protection system in China and is of significant value as a reference.