Contribution of diffused Er 3+ ions to refractive index of LiNbO 3 crystal and relation of Li out-diffusion to Er 3+-diffusion condition
Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review
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Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1993-1997 |
Journal / Publication | Journal of the American Ceramic Society |
Volume | 95 |
Issue number | 6 |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2012 |
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Abstract
Contribution of diffused Er 3+ ions to refractive index of LiNbO 3 crystal and relation of Li out-diffusion to Er 3+-diffusion condition have been studied. Three X-cut and three Z-cut congruent LiNbO 3 plates locally coated with 10, 15, or 20 nm thick Er metal films were annealed at 1100°C or 1130°C for 60 or 100 h under different atmospheres of surrounding air, wet O 2 or wet Ar. After the anneal, the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices at Er 3+-doped and Er-free parts of crystal surface were characterized at the 633, 1311, and 1553 nm wavelengths by measurement of critical angle. The difference of surface index values at the Er 3+-doped and Er-free parts enables to identify the Er 3+-doping effect on substrate index. From the known birefringence, the surface Li 2O contents at the Er 3+-doped and Er-free parts were evaluated. A comparison with the Li 2O content data before the anneal treatment allows to obtain the anneal-induced Li 2O loss and hence identify the anneal condition effect on the Li out-diffusion. The results show that the contribution of Er 3+-doping to the ordinary index is within the measurement error of 1 × 10 -3 and that to the extraordinary index is within ± 1.7 × 10 -3, which is just slightly out of the measurement error. The diffusion temperature is while the diffusion environment is not the key factor responsible for the Li 2O out-diffusion. © 2012 The American Ceramic Society.
Citation Format(s)
Contribution of diffused Er 3+ ions to refractive index of LiNbO 3 crystal and relation of Li out-diffusion to Er 3+-diffusion condition. / Wang, Zhen; Hua, Ping-Rang; Han, Fang et al.
In: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 95, No. 6, 06.2012, p. 1993-1997.
In: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 95, No. 6, 06.2012, p. 1993-1997.
Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review