Do mobile device applications affect learning?

Mobile devices (e.g., PDAs and smartphones) are increasingly emerging as part of daily life, particularly with university students. The City University of Hong Kong has embarked on a long-term program to develop and integrate mobile learning activities into the context of undergraduate courses. This paper reports on the development, introduction and evaluation of a portfolio of collaborative mobile learning applications. Results support convictions that intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to embrace mobile applications correlates with enhanced performance, albeit with constructive alignment of student learning interests as a moderator. © 2007 IEEE.