Promising pyro-photo-electric catalysis in NaNbO₃ via integrating solar and cold-hot alternation energy in pyroelectric-assisted photoelectrochemical system

Herein, a novel catalytic process named “pyro-photo-electric catalysis” is firstly realized by combining pyroelectric catalysis (PREC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) catalysis based on NaNbO₃ nanocubes. The films show enhanced photocurrent density of 0.37 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 20–50 °C heating-cooling cycles and illumination, which is 3.1 and 1.6 times higher than that of PREC (0.09 mA/cm²) and PEC catalysis (0.14 mA/cm²). It is found that the higher catalysis efficiency can be the result of increased carrier concentration, including photogenerated carriers and pyro-generated carriers, and accelerated charge separation and transfer due to the change in band alignment at NaNbO₃/electrolyte caused by the imbalance of polarization charges and the induced pyroelectric potential. This study confirms the feasibility of pyroelectric-assisted PEC performance and realizes the energy harvesting of cold-hot alternation thermal energy and solar energy. It also provides insights into the rational design for designing new and ecofriendly photoelectrodes with efficient PEC water splitting.