Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam

Chen Xin; Thuy Thi Hoang; Duong Quy Truong; Nhat Thi Tran; Hoa Thi Thanh Pham; Son Thi Thanh Dang; Huong Quynh Luu; Nhung Thi Hong Le; Saira Butt; Hang Thi Thu Tran; Kelyn Seow; Mathew Hennessey; Burhan Lehri; Chun Ting Angus Lam; Priscilla F. Gerber; Patricia Lynne Conway; Richard A. Stabler; Damer Blake; Fiona Tomley; Dirk Pfeiffer; Ngoc Thi Pham; Guillaume Fournié; Anne Conan

doi:10.1101/2025.04.03.647142

Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam

Chen Xin^*, Thuy Thi Hoang, Duong Quy Truong, Nhat Thi Tran, Hoa Thi Thanh Pham, Son Thi Thanh Dang, Huong Quynh Luu, Nhung Thi Hong Le, Saira Butt, Hang Thi Thu Tran, Kelyn Seow, Mathew Hennessey, Burhan Lehri, Chun Ting Angus Lam, Priscilla F. Gerber, Patricia Lynne Conway, Richard A. Stabler, Damer Blake, Fiona Tomley, Dirk PfeifferNgoc Thi Pham, Guillaume Fournié, Anne Conan^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

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Abstract

Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common foodborne pathogens found in chickens at any production stage and cause gastroenteritis in humans. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni) and NTS in broiler production and distribution networks (PDNs) using a Bayesian approach. It also investigated the NTS serotypes circulating in these PDNs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in northern Vietnam between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 102 sites, including live bird markets, slaughter facilities (slaughterhouses and slaughter points), and their supplying farms, were randomly selected for sampling. Cecal and environmental samples were cultured for isolation of Campylobacter and NTS, with serotypes of NTS determined by targeted analysis of whole genome sequences. Bayesian models were developed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter at two levels (bird-level and site-level) and NTS at site-level. The selected best-fitted models indicated that C. jejuni prevalence was primarily influenced by site type, while C. coli was affected by both province and site types. For NTS, only site type was included. The highest overall prevalence of infected broilers was estimated on farms for C. coli (26.2% [95% High Density Interval (HDI): 19.0-36.0%]) and C. jejuni (19.9% [95%HDI 13.0-27.0%]). Slaughter points (97.6% [95%HDI 63.3-99.9%]) and wholesale markets (91.7% [95%HDI 28.2-99.9%]) had the highest probability of C. coli and C. jejuni contamination, respectively, but retail markets had the highest proportion of infected broilers at contaminated sites. NTS contamination was more frequent in markets and slaughter facilities (42.8% [95%HDI 30.8-57.1%]) than on farms (18.6% [95%HDI 9.5-30.1%]). Among 16 detected NTS serotypes, S. Infantis and S. Kentucky were the most common. These findings highlight the widespread contamination of broiler PDNs with Campylobacter and NTS in northern Vietnam, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in PDNs to mitigate the risk of foodborne transmission.

© 2025 Xin et al.

Original language	English
Article number	e0013615
Journal	PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Volume	19
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.03.647142 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013615
Publication status	Published - Nov 2025

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Xin, C., Hoang, T. T., Truong, D. Q., Tran, N. T., Pham, H. T. T., Dang, S. T. T., Luu, H. Q., Le, N. T. H., Butt, S., Tran, H. T. T., Seow, K., Hennessey, M., Lehri, B., Lam, C. T. A., Gerber, P. F., Conway, P. L., Stabler, R. A., Blake, D., Tomley, F., ... Conan, A. (2025). Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 19(11), Article e0013615. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.03.647142, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013615

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title = "Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam",

abstract = "Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common foodborne pathogens found in chickens at any production stage and cause gastroenteritis in humans. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni) and NTS in broiler production and distribution networks (PDNs) using a Bayesian approach. It also investigated the NTS serotypes circulating in these PDNs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in northern Vietnam between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 102 sites, including live bird markets, slaughter facilities (slaughterhouses and slaughter points), and their supplying farms, were randomly selected for sampling. Cecal and environmental samples were cultured for isolation of Campylobacter and NTS, with serotypes of NTS determined by targeted analysis of whole genome sequences. Bayesian models were developed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter at two levels (bird-level and site-level) and NTS at site-level. The selected best-fitted models indicated that C. jejuni prevalence was primarily influenced by site type, while C. coli was affected by both province and site types. For NTS, only site type was included. The highest overall prevalence of infected broilers was estimated on farms for C. coli (26.2% [95% High Density Interval (HDI): 19.0-36.0%]) and C. jejuni (19.9% [95%HDI 13.0-27.0%]). Slaughter points (97.6% [95%HDI 63.3-99.9%]) and wholesale markets (91.7% [95%HDI 28.2-99.9%]) had the highest probability of C. coli and C. jejuni contamination, respectively, but retail markets had the highest proportion of infected broilers at contaminated sites. NTS contamination was more frequent in markets and slaughter facilities (42.8% [95%HDI 30.8-57.1%]) than on farms (18.6% [95%HDI 9.5-30.1%]). Among 16 detected NTS serotypes, S. Infantis and S. Kentucky were the most common. These findings highlight the widespread contamination of broiler PDNs with Campylobacter and NTS in northern Vietnam, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in PDNs to mitigate the risk of foodborne transmission.{\textcopyright} 2025 Xin et al.",

author = "Chen Xin and Hoang, {Thuy Thi} and Truong, {Duong Quy} and Tran, {Nhat Thi} and Pham, {Hoa Thi Thanh} and Dang, {Son Thi Thanh} and Luu, {Huong Quynh} and Le, {Nhung Thi Hong} and Saira Butt and Tran, {Hang Thi Thu} and Kelyn Seow and Mathew Hennessey and Burhan Lehri and Lam, {Chun Ting Angus} and Gerber, {Priscilla F.} and Conway, {Patricia Lynne} and Stabler, {Richard A.} and Damer Blake and Fiona Tomley and Dirk Pfeiffer and Pham, {Ngoc Thi} and Guillaume Fourni{\'e} and Anne Conan",

year = "2025",

month = nov,

doi = "10.1101/2025.04.03.647142",

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Xin, C, Hoang, TT, Truong, DQ, Tran, NT, Pham, HTT, Dang, STT, Luu, HQ, Le, NTH, Butt, S, Tran, HTT, Seow, K, Hennessey, M, Lehri, B, Lam, CTA , Gerber, PF, Conway, PL, Stabler, RA, Blake, D, Tomley, F, Pfeiffer, D, Pham, NT, Fournié, G & Conan, A 2025, 'Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 19, no. 11, e0013615. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.04.03.647142, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013615

Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam. / Xin, Chen; Hoang, Thuy Thi; Truong, Duong Quy et al.
In: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol. 19, No. 11, e0013615, 11.2025.

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam

AU - Xin, Chen

AU - Hoang, Thuy Thi

AU - Truong, Duong Quy

AU - Tran, Nhat Thi

AU - Pham, Hoa Thi Thanh

AU - Dang, Son Thi Thanh

AU - Luu, Huong Quynh

AU - Le, Nhung Thi Hong

AU - Butt, Saira

AU - Tran, Hang Thi Thu

AU - Seow, Kelyn

AU - Hennessey, Mathew

AU - Lehri, Burhan

AU - Lam, Chun Ting Angus

AU - Gerber, Priscilla F.

AU - Conway, Patricia Lynne

AU - Stabler, Richard A.

AU - Blake, Damer

AU - Tomley, Fiona

AU - Pfeiffer, Dirk

AU - Pham, Ngoc Thi

AU - Fournié, Guillaume

AU - Conan, Anne

PY - 2025/11

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N2 - Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common foodborne pathogens found in chickens at any production stage and cause gastroenteritis in humans. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni) and NTS in broiler production and distribution networks (PDNs) using a Bayesian approach. It also investigated the NTS serotypes circulating in these PDNs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in northern Vietnam between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 102 sites, including live bird markets, slaughter facilities (slaughterhouses and slaughter points), and their supplying farms, were randomly selected for sampling. Cecal and environmental samples were cultured for isolation of Campylobacter and NTS, with serotypes of NTS determined by targeted analysis of whole genome sequences. Bayesian models were developed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter at two levels (bird-level and site-level) and NTS at site-level. The selected best-fitted models indicated that C. jejuni prevalence was primarily influenced by site type, while C. coli was affected by both province and site types. For NTS, only site type was included. The highest overall prevalence of infected broilers was estimated on farms for C. coli (26.2% [95% High Density Interval (HDI): 19.0-36.0%]) and C. jejuni (19.9% [95%HDI 13.0-27.0%]). Slaughter points (97.6% [95%HDI 63.3-99.9%]) and wholesale markets (91.7% [95%HDI 28.2-99.9%]) had the highest probability of C. coli and C. jejuni contamination, respectively, but retail markets had the highest proportion of infected broilers at contaminated sites. NTS contamination was more frequent in markets and slaughter facilities (42.8% [95%HDI 30.8-57.1%]) than on farms (18.6% [95%HDI 9.5-30.1%]). Among 16 detected NTS serotypes, S. Infantis and S. Kentucky were the most common. These findings highlight the widespread contamination of broiler PDNs with Campylobacter and NTS in northern Vietnam, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in PDNs to mitigate the risk of foodborne transmission.© 2025 Xin et al.

AB - Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common foodborne pathogens found in chickens at any production stage and cause gastroenteritis in humans. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. (C. coli and C. jejuni) and NTS in broiler production and distribution networks (PDNs) using a Bayesian approach. It also investigated the NTS serotypes circulating in these PDNs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four provinces in northern Vietnam between March 2021 and March 2022. A total of 102 sites, including live bird markets, slaughter facilities (slaughterhouses and slaughter points), and their supplying farms, were randomly selected for sampling. Cecal and environmental samples were cultured for isolation of Campylobacter and NTS, with serotypes of NTS determined by targeted analysis of whole genome sequences. Bayesian models were developed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter at two levels (bird-level and site-level) and NTS at site-level. The selected best-fitted models indicated that C. jejuni prevalence was primarily influenced by site type, while C. coli was affected by both province and site types. For NTS, only site type was included. The highest overall prevalence of infected broilers was estimated on farms for C. coli (26.2% [95% High Density Interval (HDI): 19.0-36.0%]) and C. jejuni (19.9% [95%HDI 13.0-27.0%]). Slaughter points (97.6% [95%HDI 63.3-99.9%]) and wholesale markets (91.7% [95%HDI 28.2-99.9%]) had the highest probability of C. coli and C. jejuni contamination, respectively, but retail markets had the highest proportion of infected broilers at contaminated sites. NTS contamination was more frequent in markets and slaughter facilities (42.8% [95%HDI 30.8-57.1%]) than on farms (18.6% [95%HDI 9.5-30.1%]). Among 16 detected NTS serotypes, S. Infantis and S. Kentucky were the most common. These findings highlight the widespread contamination of broiler PDNs with Campylobacter and NTS in northern Vietnam, emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and control measures in PDNs to mitigate the risk of foodborne transmission.© 2025 Xin et al.

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Prevalence of Campylobacter and non-typhoidal Salmonella along broiler chicken production and distribution networks, Northern Vietnam

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