Plasmonic enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells with self-assembly gold-TiO2

Decorating TiO₂ photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with silver or gold nanoparticles has been shown to be an effective approach for enhancing device performance via the plasmonic effects. Here, we show for the first time that the same approach can be adopted simultaneously for both the photoanode and the counter-electrode of a DSSC but operates with different enhancement mechanism. In this work, the plasmonic nanostructure is synthesized by physical vapor deposition of ultra-thin gold films onto the electrodes followed by thermal annealing at a recommended TiO₂ sintering temperature to form self-assembly gold nanoislands. Protective TiO₂ nanoshells were formed by hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide (TIP) precursor over the gold nanoislands. By varying the initial gold film thickness, gold nanoislands of controllable dimensions are distributed uniformly over the electrode surfaces. It was found that the optimized core-shell nanoislands nearly doubles the short circuit photocurrent density from 9.4mA/cm² to 17.5mA/cm², and has little impact on the open circuit voltage, resulting in a substantial uplift of the energy conversion efficiency. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.