Piezocatalysis for Artificial Photosynthetic Systems: Catalyst Design Strategies, Reaction Mechanism, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Piezocatalysis emerges as a promising approach that exploits mechanical stress to drive various chemical reactions. However, rapid advancements in this field demand a comprehensive review. Herein, three aspects are presented: piezocatalytic catalyst design, underlying reaction mechanisms, and versatile applications to address the progress. The review begins with highlighting fundamentals and oxidation process (e.g., piezo-catalysis/activation, persulfate/Fenton/or ozonation). Next, mechanisms are pointed out, including energy band theory, screening charge effect, and mechanical stimulation methods. Thereafter, key design strategies (e.g., morphology/facet control, interface/defect engineering, polarisation modulation, heterostructure/composite construction) are emphasized. Then, a range of applications is illustrated, such as environmental remediation, renewable energy (hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction), and biomedical (e.g., tooth whitening, antibacterial therapy, and cancer therapy). Finally, with a brief outlook, this review offers understanding for the efficiency and sustainability of piezocatalytic systems, thus encouraging further innovation and exploration in this evolving area. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.