Phosphorus-Based Materials as the Anode for Sodium-Ion Batteries

As a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have recently attracted considerable attention. Enormous effort has been devoted to investigations on the development of suitable active materials in order to improve the energy density of SIBs and give them significant cycling stability. Among the reported anode materials, phosphorus-based materials have been recognized as a major group of promising anode materials, due to the high theoretical capacity of P (2596 mA h g⁻¹) and the abundance of P rock resources. Here, the current progress on P-based anode materials is summarized, including elemental P (red/black phosphorus) and metal phosphides (Co–P, Cu–P, Fe–P, Ni–P, Se–P, Sn–P, Ge–P), and challenges and perspectives are highlighted in order to provide guidance for future research in related areas. Typical articles are also selected as specific examples, elaborating the advances in materials preparation techniques/approaches and in the structural design of P-based materials. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.