Optimization of mechanical and durability performance of graphene nanoplatelet modified PVA fiber reinforced cementitious composites using response surface methodology

This study explores the hybrid reinforcement of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs) with graphene nano-platelets (GNPs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers to enhance their mechanical, durability, and strain-hardening performance. A comprehensive experimental program, supported by Response Surface Methodology (RSM), was conducted to evaluate and model the behavior of FRCCs under varying GNP dosages. Key properties, including compressive, tensile, and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, impact resistance, ultrasonic pulse velocity, water absorption, and dry density, were investigated. Results revealed that incorporating 0.15% GNP with 1% PVA fibers increased compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength by 43.7%, 21.6%, and 22.4%, respectively, while also improving impact resistance and material densification. The addition of GNPs effectively reduced porosity and enhanced durability, whereas PVA fibers contributed to strain-hardening behavior. The integration of experimental testing with RSM-based predictive modeling demonstrates a reliable pathway for optimizing GNPs in FRCCs, offering insights for the development of durable and sustainable construction materials. © The Author(s) 2026.