Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain

Jie Xu; Yingying Cheng; Cong Wang; Xiaohua Jia

doi:10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065

Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain

Department of Computer Science

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Blockchain scalability is one of the most desired properties for permissionless blockchain. Many recent blockchain protocols have focused on increasing the transaction throughput. However, existing protocols cannot dynamically scale the throughput to meet transaction demand. In this paper, we propose Occam, a secure and adaptive scaling scheme. Occam adaptively changes the transaction throughput by expanding and shrinking according to the transaction demand in the network. We introduce a dynamic adjustment mechanism of mining difficulty and a mining power load balancing mechanism to resist various attacks. Furthermore, we implement Occam on Amazon EC2 cluster with 1000 full nodes. Experimental results show that Occam can greatly increase the throughput of the blockchain and the mining power utilization.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings
Subtitle of host publication	2021 IEEE 41^st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ICDCS 2021
Publisher	IEEE
Pages	618-628
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665445139
ISBN (Print)	9781665445146
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065
Publication status	Published - 2021
Event	41st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2021) - Virtual, Washington, United States Duration: 7 Jul 2021 → 10 Jul 2021 https://icdcs2021.us/

Publication series

Name	Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
ISSN (Print)	1063-6927
ISSN (Electronic)	2575-8411

Conference

Conference	41st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2021)
Place	United States
City	Washington
Period	7/07/21 → 10/07/21
Internet address	https://icdcs2021.us/

Research Keywords

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)
Distributed Consensus
Proof of Work (PoW)
Scalability

RGC Funding Information

RGC-funded

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10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065

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@inproceedings{1f865f18bd4d409e95e536dedd422ce4,

title = "Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain",

abstract = "Blockchain scalability is one of the most desired properties for permissionless blockchain. Many recent blockchain protocols have focused on increasing the transaction throughput. However, existing protocols cannot dynamically scale the throughput to meet transaction demand. In this paper, we propose Occam, a secure and adaptive scaling scheme. Occam adaptively changes the transaction throughput by expanding and shrinking according to the transaction demand in the network. We introduce a dynamic adjustment mechanism of mining difficulty and a mining power load balancing mechanism to resist various attacks. Furthermore, we implement Occam on Amazon EC2 cluster with 1000 full nodes. Experimental results show that Occam can greatly increase the throughput of the blockchain and the mining power utilization.",

keywords = "Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG), Distributed Consensus, Proof of Work (PoW), Scalability",

author = "Jie Xu and Yingying Cheng and Cong Wang and Xiaohua Jia",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065",

language = "English",

isbn = "9781665445146",

series = "Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems",

publisher = "IEEE",

pages = "618--628",

booktitle = "Proceedings",

address = "United States",

note = "41st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2021) ; Conference date: 07-07-2021 Through 10-07-2021",

url = "https://icdcs2021.us/",

}

Xu, J , Cheng, Y , Wang, C & Jia, X 2021, Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain. in Proceedings: 2021 IEEE 41^st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ICDCS 2021. Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, IEEE, pp. 618-628, 41st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2021), Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 7/07/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065

Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain. / Xu, Jie ; Cheng, Yingying ; Wang, Cong et al.
Proceedings: 2021 IEEE 41^st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems ICDCS 2021. IEEE, 2021. p. 618-628 (Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems).

Research output: Chapters, Conference Papers, Creative and Literary Works › RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication) › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Occam

T2 - 41st IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2021)

AU - Xu, Jie

AU - Cheng, Yingying

AU - Wang, Cong

AU - Jia, Xiaohua

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Blockchain scalability is one of the most desired properties for permissionless blockchain. Many recent blockchain protocols have focused on increasing the transaction throughput. However, existing protocols cannot dynamically scale the throughput to meet transaction demand. In this paper, we propose Occam, a secure and adaptive scaling scheme. Occam adaptively changes the transaction throughput by expanding and shrinking according to the transaction demand in the network. We introduce a dynamic adjustment mechanism of mining difficulty and a mining power load balancing mechanism to resist various attacks. Furthermore, we implement Occam on Amazon EC2 cluster with 1000 full nodes. Experimental results show that Occam can greatly increase the throughput of the blockchain and the mining power utilization.

AB - Blockchain scalability is one of the most desired properties for permissionless blockchain. Many recent blockchain protocols have focused on increasing the transaction throughput. However, existing protocols cannot dynamically scale the throughput to meet transaction demand. In this paper, we propose Occam, a secure and adaptive scaling scheme. Occam adaptively changes the transaction throughput by expanding and shrinking according to the transaction demand in the network. We introduce a dynamic adjustment mechanism of mining difficulty and a mining power load balancing mechanism to resist various attacks. Furthermore, we implement Occam on Amazon EC2 cluster with 1000 full nodes. Experimental results show that Occam can greatly increase the throughput of the blockchain and the mining power utilization.

KW - Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)

KW - Distributed Consensus

KW - Proof of Work (PoW)

KW - Scalability

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85117161093

UR - https://www.scopus.com/record/pubmetrics.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117161093&origin=recordpage

U2 - 10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065

DO - 10.1109/ICDCS51616.2021.00065

M3 - RGC 32 - Refereed conference paper (with host publication)

SN - 9781665445146

T3 - Proceedings - International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems

SP - 618

EP - 628

BT - Proceedings

PB - IEEE

Y2 - 7 July 2021 through 10 July 2021

ER -

Occam: A Secure and Adaptive Scaling Scheme for Permissionless Blockchain

Abstract

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Research Keywords

RGC Funding Information

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