Noncommunicative Output Regulation and Efficiency Maximization for Multiple-to-One WPT System With Unknown Receiver

The control and optimization of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems with multiple transmitters face substantial challenges in practical applications due to varying coupling network and load. This article discusses the efficiency optimization of a multiple-to-one WPT system with phase-shift modulation. Then, a novel online parameter identification method for multiple-to-one WPT systems based on the concept of voltage transient detection is proposed. By inserting a sensor inductor into the primary resonant tank and monitoring its voltage response to the rising and falling edges of the square voltage inputs, both mutual inductance and output voltage can be accurately identified without a communication link. The identification principle and sensitivity are analyzed to demonstrate robustness, and the extendibility to different primary compensation structures is discussed. Afterward, constant voltage output and efficiency optimization can be achieved via the identified results. Experiment results show an identification accuracy exceeding 97% and a combined identification and closed-loop control response time of approximately 2.2 ms. Moreover, the efficiency fluctuation is limited to within 1% over a wide range of misalignments, compared with over 15% without control. © 2026 IEEE.