NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Time-based Indoor Localization Systems: Survey and Future Research Directions

Raphael Elikplim NKROW; Bruno SILVA; Dutliff BOSHOFF; Gerhard HANCKE; Mikael GIDLUND; Adnan ABU-MAHFOUZ

doi:10.1145/3663473

NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Time-based Indoor Localization Systems: Survey and Future Research Directions

Raphael Elikplim NKROW, Bruno SILVA, Dutliff BOSHOFF, Gerhard HANCKE, Mikael GIDLUND, Adnan ABU-MAHFOUZ

Department of Computer Science

Research output: Journal Publications and Reviews › RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal › peer-review

14 Citations (Scopus)

46 Downloads (CityUHK Scholars)

Abstract

One hurdle to accurate indoor localization using time-based networks is the presence of Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and multipath signals, affecting the accuracy of ranging in indoor environments. NLOS identification and mitigation have been studied over the years and applied to different time-based networks, with most works considering NLOS links with WiFi and UWB channels. In this paper, we discuss the effects and challenges of NLOS conditions on indoor localization and present current state-of-the-art approaches to NLOS identification and mitigation in literature. We survey these approaches and classify them under different categories together with their merits and demerits. We further categorize approaches to tackle NLOS effects into single and hybrid measurement-based approaches in this work. Lessons learnt from the survey with future directions are also presented in this paper. © 2024 The owner/author(s).

Original language	English
Article number	303
Number of pages	41
Journal	ACM Computing Surveys
Volume	56
Issue number	12
Online published	7 May 2024
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3663473
Publication status	Published - Dec 2024

Funding

The work described in this paper was fully supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. CityU 11208122] and City University of Hong Kong [Project No. CityU 11212523].

Research Keywords

Time-of-Flight
NLOS
LOS
Ranging
Localization

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COPYRIGHT TERMS OF DEPOSITED POSTPRINT FILE: © Authors | ACM 2024. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive Version of Record was published in ACM Computing Surveys, https://doi.org/10.1145/3663473.

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RGC-funded

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title = "NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Time-based Indoor Localization Systems: Survey and Future Research Directions",

abstract = "One hurdle to accurate indoor localization using time-based networks is the presence of Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and multipath signals, affecting the accuracy of ranging in indoor environments. NLOS identification and mitigation have been studied over the years and applied to different time-based networks, with most works considering NLOS links with WiFi and UWB channels. In this paper, we discuss the effects and challenges of NLOS conditions on indoor localization and present current state-of-the-art approaches to NLOS identification and mitigation in literature. We survey these approaches and classify them under different categories together with their merits and demerits. We further categorize approaches to tackle NLOS effects into single and hybrid measurement-based approaches in this work. Lessons learnt from the survey with future directions are also presented in this paper. {\textcopyright} 2024 The owner/author(s).",

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T2 - Survey and Future Research Directions

AU - NKROW, Raphael Elikplim

AU - SILVA, Bruno

AU - BOSHOFF, Dutliff

AU - HANCKE, Gerhard

AU - GIDLUND, Mikael

AU - ABU-MAHFOUZ, Adnan

PY - 2024/12

Y1 - 2024/12

N2 - One hurdle to accurate indoor localization using time-based networks is the presence of Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and multipath signals, affecting the accuracy of ranging in indoor environments. NLOS identification and mitigation have been studied over the years and applied to different time-based networks, with most works considering NLOS links with WiFi and UWB channels. In this paper, we discuss the effects and challenges of NLOS conditions on indoor localization and present current state-of-the-art approaches to NLOS identification and mitigation in literature. We survey these approaches and classify them under different categories together with their merits and demerits. We further categorize approaches to tackle NLOS effects into single and hybrid measurement-based approaches in this work. Lessons learnt from the survey with future directions are also presented in this paper. © 2024 The owner/author(s).

AB - One hurdle to accurate indoor localization using time-based networks is the presence of Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) and multipath signals, affecting the accuracy of ranging in indoor environments. NLOS identification and mitigation have been studied over the years and applied to different time-based networks, with most works considering NLOS links with WiFi and UWB channels. In this paper, we discuss the effects and challenges of NLOS conditions on indoor localization and present current state-of-the-art approaches to NLOS identification and mitigation in literature. We survey these approaches and classify them under different categories together with their merits and demerits. We further categorize approaches to tackle NLOS effects into single and hybrid measurement-based approaches in this work. Lessons learnt from the survey with future directions are also presented in this paper. © 2024 The owner/author(s).

KW - Time-of-Flight

KW - NLOS

KW - LOS

KW - Ranging

KW - Localization

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DO - 10.1145/3663473

M3 - RGC 21 - Publication in refereed journal

SN - 0360-0300

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JO - ACM Computing Surveys

JF - ACM Computing Surveys

IS - 12

M1 - 303

ER -

NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Time-based Indoor Localization Systems: Survey and Future Research Directions

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Research Keywords

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GRF: Designing Distance-Bounding Protocols Resilient to Time-of-Flight Errors

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NLOS Identification and Mitigation for Time-based Indoor Localization Systems: Survey and Future Research Directions

Abstract

Funding

Research Keywords

Publisher's Copyright Statement

RGC Funding Information

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GRF: Designing Distance-Bounding Protocols Resilient to Time-of-Flight Errors

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