Near infrared-emitting tris-bidentate Os(II) phosphors : control of excited state characteristics and fabrication of OLEDs

A series of four Os(ii) complexes bearing (i) chromophoric diimine ligands (N^N), such as 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and substituted 1,10-phenanthrolines, (ii) dianionic bipz chelate ligands derived from 5,5′-di(trifluoromethyl)-2H,2′H-3,3′-bipyrazole (bipzH₂), and (iii) bis(phospholano)benzene (pp2b) as the third ancillary ligand completing the coordination sphere were synthesized. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the heteroleptic tris-bidentate coordination mode. These Os(ii) complexes [Os(N^N)(bipz)(pp2b)], N^N = bpy (3), phenanthroline (4), 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (5) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (6), display near infrared (NIR) emission between 717 nm and 779 nm in the solid state at RT. On the basis of hybrid-DFT and TD-DFT calculations, the emissions are assigned to metal-to-ligand charge transfer transitions (³MLCT) admixed with small ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (³LLCT) contributions. Successful fabrication of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using Os(ii) complex 5 as the dopant and either tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) or 3,3′,5,5′-tetra[(m-pyridyl)-phen-3-yl]-biphenyl (BP4mPy) as the host is reported. These OLEDs were measured with emission maxima at 690 nm and extending into the NIR, with peak power efficiencies of up to 0.13 lm W^-1 and external quantum efficiencies of up to 2.27%.