Multifunctional phosphorus-containing porphyrin dye for efficiently improving the thermal, toughness, flame retardant and dielectric properties of epoxy resins

To promote the application potential of epoxy resins (EPs) in electronic packaging, a novel phosphorus-containing porphyrin (PPR) dye was designed and synthesized to enhance the thermal, mechanical, flame retardant and dielectric properties of EPs. Incorporating PPR can efficiently improve the glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermodynamic properties of bisphenol-A EP. Meanwhile, PPR exhibited a significant toughening effect for EP with an enhancement of 59.5 % of elongation at the break without any stress sacrifice. Moreover, the loading of only 5 wt% PPR led to the UL-94 V-0 rating for EP. When 7 wt% PPR was added into EP, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 44.3 % and 14.6 %, respectively, indicating the distinguished flame retardant properties. More importantly, the dielectric constant of EP composites gradually decreased with the increasing loading of PPR. This work provides a feasible approach to create EP composites via incorporating P-based porphyrin which are promisingly utilized as electronic packaging materials in integrated circuits field. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.