More depleted, speak up more? A daily examination of the benefit and cost of depletion for voice behavior and voice endorsement

Although extant work has found that employee depletion is associated with less voice behavior, an emerging line of research suggests that depletion may sometimes be associated with more voice behavior. We build on this emerging line of research by establishing when and why employee depletion is associated with more voice behavior on a daily basis. We then further identify the implications of these relationships for daily voice endorsement by managers. Integrating research on the strength model of self-control and the resource distinction between promotive and prohibitive voice, we predict that, among employees with low levels of trait self-control, higher levels of daily depletion will be associated with lower levels of daily voice impulse control. In turn, lower levels of daily voice impulse control will be associated with higher levels of daily prohibitive voice, but lower levels of daily voice endorsement. Results from a 10-day daily study with 697 daily observations from 88 employees working for 50 managers (Study 1) and an experimental recall task with 136 full-time employees (Study 2) supported our hypotheses. We discuss how our findings contribute to theories of voice and self-control, review the methodological strengths and limitations of our studies, and expound on the practical implications of our results.